Počátky Slovanů a raný středověk: Toulky dávnou historií Evropy #11 [I]

Zdroje:
1) Bednaříková, J. 2013: Stěhování národů a východ Evropy: Byzanc. Slované. Arabové. Praha. ISBN: 978-80-7429-306-1
2) Bláhová, M. - Frolík, J. - Profantová, N. 1999: Velké dějiny zemí Koruny české I. Praha. ISBN: 80-7185-265-1
3) Čtverák, V. - Lutovský, M. - Slabina, M. - Smejtek, L. 2003: Encyklopedie hradišť v Čechách. ISBN: 80-7277-173-6
4) Lutovský, M. 2001: Encyklopedie slovanské archeologie v Čechách, na Moravě a ve Slezsku. ISBN: 80-7277-054-3
5) Urbanczyk, P. (ed.) 2012: Neslované - o počátcích Slovanů. Praha. ISBN: 978-80-246-1945-3
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[Aristos-art]

Naprosto skvele lepsi jak dokumenty..jsem rad ze jsem vas našel

[MilanKrupar-gd]

Dobrý den, jsem rád, že jsem Vás objevil a už druhý den mi k práci i domácím pracem zní Vaše hlasy. Dnes poprvé mě napadlo kouknout i do komentářů. No.... radši "nekomentuji" :) Jen doufám, že Vám zdejší odborníci na vše nevezmou chuť do další dobré práce. Protože se bojím, že právě o to jim jde. A že občas uletí nespisovné slovo? To vůbec nevadí, kdo nic Jen jedno mi trhá uši - to Zápotockého zemedelstvi. :) Zkuste normální zemědělství, ale když to nepůjde, neva. Díky a držím palce.

[markyzdesade]

Jedna časť čisto zameraná na názvy je málo doporucim nové knihy ktoré vyšli od dr Timuru a Sudetskeho o histórii slovanov.ktory sa genologicky zamerali na genetické nové informácie, farbu očí krvnú skupinuzjazykove znaky, keramika, stavby, atď.vychadza to tak že sme tu od poslednej doby ľadovej 25, , tisíc rokov, určite kmene sa tu miešali a v kronikách sa zachovali len posledné veľké kmene ktorých názov sme si prevzali .geneticka pravlast Slovanov sa datuje na Kaukaz pred 65 tisic rokmi kde našli geneticky rovnaké znaky a kosti ako u nás .všetky tie nove knihy sú vedecky doložené nálezmi.

[karelnovak]

Nemohli byste se alespon pokusit mluvit spisovnou cestinou?

[bohuslavkuklik]

Ano - Slované tu BYLI ODPRADÁVNA !!! 🇨🇿❤🇸🇰

[MilanMalinovsky]

Zdravím autorov videa. Mám jednu otázku a vopred sa ospravedlňujem, ak sa niekoho dotknem - nie je to môj úmysel. Všimol som si, že hlavný speaker (možno i obaja) tohto videa nadmerne používa ukazovacie zámená tam, kde sú zbytočné, napr. (mnou vykonštruovaná veta): "A potom v TOM 6. století přišli TI Slované a na TOM našem území se asimilovali s TÍM původním obyvatelstvem." Je to len zlozvyk, alebo je to nejaká regionálna záležitosť - napríklad, že ten človek pochádzta z česko-nemeckého pohraničia? Evokuje mi to totiž nemčinu a používanie členov der, die, das. Ďakujem za odpoveď a za vašu prácu na videách. 😇

[oresta]

A nebylo to tak, ze Slovany tady byli vzdy, oni se nastěhovali, odkud mate te vaše informace?

[TheOlgaSasha]

Very good and professional video with real facts and sources! You correctly showed the place of Slavic homeland. It was the Dnieper and the Pripet rivers basin in present-day Northern Ukraine and Southern Belarus (Polesie). It would be mentioned that it was Zarubintsy archaeological culture (end of 3 century BC - beginning of 2 century AD). Most of modern scholars consider Zarubintsy culture as the culture of Venedi - ancestors of early Slavs. Today the archaeologacal connection between Zarubintsy and later Slavic cultures (Prague-Korchak, Penkivka) is already proved. But there is still a dispute who were the people of Zarubintsy culture. Almost all western and eastern scholars admit that those people were mostly migrants from West - from Central European cultures of Urn fields. Zarubintsy culture of Venedi was much more higher developed and had huge differences in compare with local Baltic cultures in the north, Scythian cultures in the south and even with antique cultures of Greek polices on the northern coast of the Black Sea. Zarubintsy cemeteries and settlements in Ukraine and southern Belarus (almost 500 are found) show that it was not local "culture of plates". S-conic plates on "hill" are unknown among local Baltic and Scythian cultures (which are the "cultures of pots"). Zarubintsy archaeological sites (triangle fibulae of Celto-Illyrian late La Tene type, S-conic plates, black polished pottery of high quality, cremation bural tradition with maintaining of properly cleaned remains of bones in urns) have analogues EXCLUSIVELY in Celto-Germanic "La-Teneized" cultures of late La Tene. And dwellings of Zarubintsy people were close to early Germanic and Celtic types. But the main feature was a great comlex of late La Tene fibulae and other items. Celto-Illyrian bronze fibulae (with a triangle shield) is a "visit card" of Zarubintsy peoole. It was found only in Zarubintsy culture and in West Balkans (area of Celtic tribe of Scordisci, who were satellites of Bastarnae in Macedonian wars on the Balkans). That means that those people came to the Dnieper basin somewhere from Central Europe and were under a huge La Tene (Celtic) cultural impact. Almost all famous archaeologists admit that strict analogues of Zarubintsy arch. sites were found only in Guben group of Jastorf culture (mix of Bastarnae tribe and local Lusatian/Pommeranian tribes with strong Celtic influence) in upper Oder river basin. But who were Bastarnae? Their ethnicity is not clear. Even Tacitus could not identify them. They were called in ancient sources as Celts, Germanics, Celto-Germanics or "people between Celts and Germanics", sometimes with Sarmatian admixture. Some scientists consider them as extincted group of Indo-European people who were something middle between Germanics and Celto-Italics, maybe close to Pommeranian сulture tribes (but with strong La Tene and Jastorf influence). It is well known that there was Bastarnic invasion to modern West Ukraine and Moldova (Poianesti-Lukashevka arch.culture) in 3th cent. BC. And some scholars admit that Zarubintsy and Poianesti-Lukashevka cultures are extremely similar and both cultures belong to the same Celtic (late La Tene influnced) round of cultures. Zarubintsy culture had 3 local variants which are indicated as different groups of people: 1) Polessian variant in the Pripyat basin (very close to Pommeranian culture tribes); 2) Middle Dnieper variant to the south from Kiev (strong Bastarnic admixture from Poianesti-Lukashevka with remains of local Scythian people); 3) Upper Dnieper variant to the north from Kiev and in North Belarus (strong admixture of remains of local Baltic tribes of Milograd culture). In the middle of 1 cent. AD a crucial Sarmatian invasion had place in modern Ukraine. As a result most of Bastarnes of Poianesti-Lukashevka culture (their archaelogical sites are almost 100% pure sites of Guben group of Germanic Jastorf culture) left the Dniester and the Prut basins and migrated to Roman province of Moesia according to different ancient sources, where they soon dissapeared, the rest of them was assimilated by Sarmatians and took half-nomad style of life according to Tacitus. Nevertheless, during 3rd c. BC - 1 c. AD Bastarnae and Pommeranian tribes in the Dnieper-Pripet basin mixed with local Baltic tribes within Zarubintsy culture but preserved their common name "Venedi". Maybe we will never know what language Venedi and Bastarnae spoke. But it is clear that the name "Venedi" is not of Baltic (satem) origin, but of Celto-Italo-Germanic (kentum) origin. That proves the theory of some scholars that Venedi was an ancient name of Lusatian culture people (and their successor - Pommeranian culture) and those people were from Celto-Italic stock of Urn Fields culture of Central Europe. And Zarubintsy people (Venedi) continued urn fields cremation tradition. After invasion of Sarmatians in 1st c. AD, Zarubintsy people from Upper Dniepper migrated to north where they were assimilated by numerous East Baltic forest tribes (mixed Pochep and Tushemlia cultures). Part of Middle Dnieper variant of Zarubintsy people from Ros river basin escaped from Sarmatians and migrated to Southern Bug river in modern Ukraine (archaeologists found their settlements burnt by Sarmatians later, they were all killed by Sarmatian arrows), the second part of those peole also escaped from Sarmatians and moved north-east along the basins of the Desna, the Seim, the Vorskla, the Sula, the Irpen rivers in north and north-east Ukraine, some settlements were found even in upper Don river, the rest founded new settlements in forest zone around Kiev (all above mentioned variants are known as Late Zarubintsy culture of 2 - 3 c. AD, or Kiev arch. culture, which was the "mother" for Kolochin and Penkivka (Antes) cultures). Zarubintsy people from Polessian variant left the Pripett basin in the end of 1st century AD (although there were no Sarmatian invasion, the reason of migration is unclear). They migrated to Volhynia and then to the upper Dniester river basin in Western Ukraine where they assimilated some local peoples of Przeworsk arch.culture (mostly Germanic tribes of Vandals) and Lipitsa arch.culture (Dacian tribes of Costoboci). As a result, a new Zubra arch.culture appeared (also known as Volhyno-Podolian culture which preserved Zarubintsy pottery and cremation traditions). In 2nd century those people were conquered by Germanic tribes Goths and became part of polyethnic Gothic state - Oium (Cherniakhov arch. culture of Goths in Ukraine). After most of Goths left Ukraine under the Hunnic invasion, in 4th century descendants of Zarubintsy people bagan migration from the upper Dniester basin westwords to modern Poland (Mogila group), Moravia and Bohemia (Prague group) and eastwords to the Dnieper (Korchak group). All those groups are similar and are identified as first clearly Slavic culture - Prague (or Prague-Korchak) culture of Sclaveni. At the same time, after the collapse of Gothic Oium, the descendants of Zarubintsy people from the Middle Dnieper variant absorbed a lot of Baltic elements (mixed Balto-Slavic Kolochin culture) and in 5th century migrated southwords along the Dnieper river to modern Central Ukraine and assimilated remains of Sarmatian and Gothic population of the former Oium (Penkivka arch. culture of Antes). As Jordanes and Tacitus wrote, both Antes (Penkivka AC) and Sclaveni (Prague-Korchak AC) are descendants of Venedi - old name of all of them. So Sclaveni and Antes descend from Venedi (Zarubintsy culture) but they had different substrates and material cultures. Antes in Central Ukraine produced and used Gothic-type fibulae, belts, necklaces and other items till 9th century. A lot of Antes migrated to the Danube and the Balkans. In brief, it is a "simple" explanation of not simple process of Slavic ethnogenetics. Venedi managed to survive as a small group under Sarmatian and later Gothic pressure. Later their descendants (Antes and Sclaveni) had a quick grouth in 4-6 th centuries and began movement in all directions (to lands left by Germanic tribes, also to Pannonia and Balkans under the Avaric pressure). So Goths played role not only in fall of Rome, but also they were the reason of Slavic growth and movement. But we must understand, that Venedi in Zarubintsy culture weren't pure Slavs, they were a general substrate who came from Lusatian/Pommeranian cultures (Central Europe). That is why early Slavs were a product of very complicated amagamation of Venedi (and partially Bastarnae) substrate with local Baltic superstrate within Zarubintsy culture. That is why Slavs and Balts have a lot of common lexics, but they also have no common words till iron age (especially for such words as house, bread, fish etc.). And Slavic languages have Celto-Italic system of suffixes and some other "kentum" constructions which are absent in Baltic languages. So it is likely that there were no Balto-Slavic unity. There were just Balts, and the southern part of them (Milograd culture) took part in process of Slavic ethnogenetics due to invasion of Venedi and Bastarnae to the Dnieper-Pripet basin in 3rd century BC...

[ludovitkovacik]

Po 10 minutach som prestal pocuvat. Povrchne kecy... Slabe.

[bohuslavkuklik]

SVAROG !! nebyl žádný bůh, to je desinterpretace !! Neznalost slovanských reálií... mainstreám vi celkem kulový... a lže... 😉🖐

[dusanburaj]

Ak je prednáška určená pre žiakov 2. stupňa základnej školy, tak je výborná. Ak je však určená dospelým, ktorí už majú určité vzdelanie a predstavu o problematike, tak "nič moc".

[bohuslavkuklik]

Hoši - SKYTHOVE = SLOVANÉ !! Musite si srovnat souvislosti, prameny už dnes JSOU. GENETIKA PRIMÁRNĚ !!

[milanwolfi]

Hodněkrat jsem četl že Slované jsem přišly v 9.století ale dík za vyvedeni z omylu.Mohli jste zmínit i polabské Slovany.Podle mě příchod Slovanů souvisel s Avary což byl jeden ze stepních asijských kmenů.

[HHH-yycy]

Zvláštní jev. Docela málo kmenů a dosáhli od Rujány po Aljašku....

[stanislavnecas]

mě fascinují slova třeba cibule dánsky norsky lok dánsky lok s tím škrtnutém o švédsky lok s o přehlasovaném jako německy Koeln Kolín rusky luk srbsky a chorvatsky luk spanělsky cebolas italsky cipolle

[enceflan]

Slovania nie že prišli ale tu vzdy žili istí ľudia u ktorých sa slovanstvo vyvyjalo postupne, ludia sa malo kedy vymienajú v doslovnom zmysle, ide skôr o vymenu generácií a kultúry. Deje sa to aj teraz: Na južnom Slovensku je čoraz viac Slovakov, a to nie preto že Slovaci v signifikantnom množstve sa sťahujú zo severného slovenska na juh, ale pôvodné obyvateľstvo prevažne maďarské prechádza na Slovenskú kultúru a jazyk asimiláciou, maďarské deti dávajú do slovenských škôl, oni ked vyrastu a najdú si slovenskeho partnera/ku doma sa hovori už po slovensky a ich deti uz maďarčinu neovládajú. Čiže kultúra a jazyk sa mení, ľudia ostávajú pôvodní. Ked pridu Turci do Nemecka, ma vplyv na nich tá nemecká kultúra a jazyk, teda ich potomkovia už budú nemci a nie turkovia.

[radojambrich]

2krat slovani zautocili na carihrad platil dan nam slovanom carihrad.teraz im davame rite a bozkavame ruky a hovorime mon signore ..moj pan .asi tak parazitizmus a loz!❤

[belomolnar]

Slabé a chaotické poprehadzované bez argumentácie iba smyšlenky.

[dupa]

Britsky historik John Stevenson v "Dejiny Europy" uvadza, ze v priestoroch strednej Europy Slovania zili vlastne "vždy". Iba ruski vedci zastavali nazor (ktory sa v minulosti presadzoval aj u nas), ze povodna vlast Slovanov bola " ruska step a lesy" z ktorych sa "zrazu vynorili" a migrovali do strednej a neskor do juznej Europy.

[JT-jq]

Zajimave, prednasejici mluvi nespisovne.