Transcription initiation in prokaryotes | prokaryotic transcription lecture 2

Transcription initiation in prokaryotes – This lecture explains about the prokaryotic transcription initiation. The nucleotide pair within the DNA double helix that corresponds to the web page from which the first 5' mRNA nucleotide is transcribed is referred to as the +1 website online, or the initiation website. Nucleotides preceding the initiation site are given poor numbers and are exact upstream. Conversely, nucleotides following the initiation site are denoted with "+" numbering and are referred to as downstream nucleotides.
A promoter is a DNA sequence onto which the transcription machinery binds and initiates transcription. Mostly, promoters exist upstream of the genes they regulate. The targeted sequence of a promoter is very important when you consider that it determines whether the corresponding gene is transcribed at all times, one of the crucial time, or sometimes. Although promoters differ among prokaryotic genomes, just a few elements are conserved. At the -10 and -35 regions upstream of the initiation website, there are two promoter consensus sequences, or areas which are an identical throughout all promoters and throughout various bacterial species. The -10 consensus sequence, called the -10 region, is TATAAT. The -35 sequence, TTGACA, is famous and certain through σ. Once this interaction is made, the subunits of the core enzyme bind to the website online. The A–T-rich -10 neighborhood facilitates unwinding of the DNA template; a few phosphodiester bonds are made. The transcription initiation section ends with the creation of abortive transcripts that are polymers of roughly 10 nucleotides which are made and released.

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[trinamondal]

Sir, I actually read somewhere that the abortive initiation occurs while the sigma factor is still attached to the RNA polymerase. The RNA polymerase in the open promoter complex starts transcribing the DNA but is unable to move forward due to the attachment of sigma factor to it thus releasing the short synthesised mRNAs. This synthesis and release of several short mRNAs produce optimum energy for the release of the sigma factor and RNA polymerase can finally move forward. The time for which sigma factor stays attached to the RNA polymerase is called PCT (Promoter Clearance Time) which is usually 2secs to 2mins in prokaryotes.

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