Find out More - Medieval Arrows*

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The contributors are all world class in their fields of expertise.

Joe Gibbs - Archer and bowyer
Dr Tobias Capwell - Arms and Armour Curator, The Wallace Collection

Find out more about the battle and the armour in these companion films.

Longbow
160lbs (73Kg) mountain yew English Longbow based on those found on The Mary Rose (sank 1545). Bow was shooting 80g (2.8oz) arrows at 55ms (180fps) at 10m, giving 123J and 52ms (170fps) 109J at 25m

Distance 10m 25m
11yds 27yds

Speed 55ms 52ms
181fps 170fps

Energy 123J 109J
91ftlbs 80ftlbs

Arrows
The first arrow type we used was MR80A764/158. The diameter at the shoulder was 12.7mm (1/2”) tapering to a nock of 8.5mm. Total length was 30.5”

The second arrow type was MR82A1892/9. The diameter at the shoulder was 12.9mm (1/2”) and the nock was 7.5mm. Same total length.

The shafts were black poplar (Populus Nigra) and ash (Fraxinus Excelsior).
Fletchings were swan, bound with silk into a beeswax, kidney fat and copper verdigris compound.

Heads were wrought iron, copied from MoL Type 9 7568

Arrows weighed 80g (2.8oz)
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If anyone is interested there are 24 arrows in a sheaf. The price of 1 sheaf of arrows in the 14th century varied between 10p and 18 p (from crown purchases). While an archer earned about 3p a day.
Henry V had several campaign of gathering goose feathers "six feather from every goose"

adam-k
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Editor here: My Apologies for the re-upload. There were a few edit issues in the last version and a bit too much repeated information so this is a new version.

mchernett
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This series is one of the best things I've ever watched on YouTube or any other media.

rodrigodepierola
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This makes me really appreciate my aluminium arrows with their silicone fletching. I was thinking that arrows were like the cartridges of their time but they’re more like the rockets for a bazooka with how much they’d cost to make.

JamLeGull
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This bought the cost perspective into the equation. Very absorbing. Thank you.

jamesgoacher
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This mini doc is so good you can make a whole series of medieval myth busting, package it up, and sell it as a DVD.

TeaBurn
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Shad and Metatron did a response to this videos. I'm waiting for Skall and matt to do that also. And than, Tod will probably have 100K new subscribers he deserve

LuxisAlukard
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I'm starting to sense a gradual build up to something big but I hope knowing the YouTube demographic it builds quickly and has a dazzling climax

TheLoxxxton
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I'm just a beginner at archery, and I haven't seen a great many arrows. Still, these are by far the most beautiful I've ever seen. Toby was right about those smaller arrows being used against him, I see why he respect these ones. Having seen only other tiny arrows all my life, these substantial ones give me a new level of respect for historical archery. It's like a .308 (7.62x51mm)!

justsomeguy
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Imagine the chastisement from trainers back in the day when archers in training missed and lost or destroyed an arrow even in practice.

streetgangtm
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Absolutely the finest examples of bodkin arrows I have ever seen, Will! Impressive! I've been an avid archer and archery enthusiast for over 40 years now. My Dad first started teaching me the bow at age 9. So, I've loosed a few arrows in my day. :) But, my arrows are far lighter than those 80 gram beasts! Wow! Awesome job!

phatbassanchor
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I wish i found this channel years ago, i used to make longbows for fun with very limitid information and feeling like i was the only person doing it.
These videos make me want to get back into it and start fletching and make my own crossbow.
Thank you tod and company thank you all

lordmaddrox
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if you are doing more armor vs arrows can you do some tests with the
"armored" object at 45 degrees to head on, not all targets would have
been staring the archer in the face

messylaura
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Very good show. Really high quality production. So good to see. I'm guessing not all men in an army of thousands would have had that top of the line plate armour? Devastating weapon even if it couldn't go through the breast plate, , lots of horse flesh and lighter armoured targets to hit.

HerrGesetz
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I think there's way too much emphasis here on the 'price', and, on the notion that given 'the price', it was important to "make sure the [arrows] are going to hit something" when they get where they're going. This also just happens to play into the modern anti-arrow storm argument pushed by one of the people featured in the video. Yes, arrows would have been a serious expense at the time, but so too are rifle projectiles and artillery shells in the modern age. In Vietnam, for example, the US military calculated that something like 70, 000 rounds were expended for every enemy combatant killed. That is a hell of a lot of money, at a guess about $25, 000 per enemy soldier. And this would be small change when compared to the cost of the larger calibers. My point is, ammo expenditure (be that arrows or bullets) is a inescapable cost of warfare. Suggesting that arrows, or bullets, would only be expended if there was a high probability that they would hit a target, just doesn't correspond with the realities of the battlefield.

davidaitchison
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Where's the video about the bow though?

MegaAdeny
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I really enjoyed this as well as the actual test video. One of the things I found myself wondering about is this: Is there any data on how many archers there were on the English side at Ajencourt and an estimate of how many arrows they put into play. It seems that if the arrows weren't effective they would not have been using them so maybe they were less likely to be targeting center mass and going for horses and extremities. You wouldn't have to kill a soldier to put him out of the battle. A shot to the foot or the arms or shoulders would take them out of action. Having their horse go ass over tea kettle would also mess up a knight's plan of action and if the rider survived the horse fall then the cavalry guy becomes a heavily laden foot soldier. It would be interesting to investigate how effective horse armor was at deflecting arrows, but then again, the horses were not and could not be fully covered so lots of meaty targets there.

jimintaos
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I also wanted to suggest, that perhaps not all of the soldiers shot the same quality of arrows. Weren't a lot of the archers in some of these battles and wars conscripted from the local populations? didn't a lot of these soldiers/archers make their own bows and fletch their own arrows?

amirmakieli
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Did they ever cap arrow points as used in AP shot and shell ? Also in naval shot, in 19th century, they developed a Palliser shell where they they heat treated the tip of the shell by quenching the cast shell tip in water .

jeffreyamos
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Do you think a more aggressive twist in the fletchings would counteract a wide broad heads tendency to steer the arrow, would be an interesting test

fungus