java url decode query parameters

### understanding url encoding

when data is sent in a url, certain characters must be encoded. for example:
- spaces are replaced by `+` or `%20`.
- special characters like `&`, `=` and `?` are encoded to ensure they are not mistaken for query delimiters.

### url decoding in java

the `urldecoder` class has a static method `decode(string s, string charset)` which decodes a url-encoded string. the `charset` parameter specifies the character encoding to be used, typically `utf-8`.

### example code

below is an example code snippet that demonstrates how to url decode query parameters in java.

### explanation of the code

1. **url string**: the example starts with a url that contains encoded query parameters.
2. **extracting query string**: we extract the query part of the url by finding the index of the `?` character and taking the substring after it.
3. **decoding the query string**: the `decodequerystring` method splits the query string into key-value pairs using the `&` delimiter.
5. **storing in a map**: the decoded key-value pairs are stored in a `hashmap` for easy access.
6. **output**: finally, it prints each key-value pair to the console.

### important notes

- always handle `unsupportedencodingexception` which might be thrown if an unsupported encoding is specified.
- utf-8 is the most commonly used encoding, but you can use other encodings if necessary.
- be cautious when decoding values that might not be properly encoded, as this could lead to exceptions.

this tutorial should give you a good understanding of how to decode url ...

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