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Binocular fusion and Children with dyslexia - Supplementary video [ID 226690]
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Supplementary video of an original research "Children with dyslexia have altered cross-modal processing linked to binocular fusion. A pilot study.” published in the open access journal Clinical Ophthalmology by Patrick Quercia, Thierry Pozzo, Alfredo Marino et al.
Introduction: The cause of dyslexia, a reading disability characterized by difficulties with
accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities, is
unknown. A considerable body of evidence shows that dyslexics have phonological disorders.
Other studies support a theory of altered cross-modal processing with the existence of
a pan-sensory temporal processing deficit associated with dyslexia. Learning to read ultimately
relies on the formation of automatic multisensory representations of sounds and their
written representation while eyes fix a word or move along a text. We therefore studied the
effect of brief sounds on vision with a modification of binocular fusion at the same time
(using the Maddox Rod test).
Methods: To check if the effect of sound on vision is specific, we first tested with sounds
and then replaced them with proprioceptive stimulation on 8 muscular sites. We tested two
groups of children composed respectively of 14 dyslexic children and 10 controls.
Results: The results show transient visual scotoma (VS) produced by sensory stimulations
associated with the manipulation of oculomotor balance, the effect being drastically higher in
the dyslexic group. The spatial distribution of the VS is stochastic. The effect is not specific
for sounds but exists also with proprioceptive stimulations.
Discussion: Although there was a very significant difference between the two groups, we
were not able to correlate the (VS) occurrence with the dyslexic’s reading performance. One
possibility to confirm the link between VS and reading impairment would be to find
a specific treatment reducing the occurrence of the VS and to check its effect on dyslexia.
Introduction: The cause of dyslexia, a reading disability characterized by difficulties with
accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities, is
unknown. A considerable body of evidence shows that dyslexics have phonological disorders.
Other studies support a theory of altered cross-modal processing with the existence of
a pan-sensory temporal processing deficit associated with dyslexia. Learning to read ultimately
relies on the formation of automatic multisensory representations of sounds and their
written representation while eyes fix a word or move along a text. We therefore studied the
effect of brief sounds on vision with a modification of binocular fusion at the same time
(using the Maddox Rod test).
Methods: To check if the effect of sound on vision is specific, we first tested with sounds
and then replaced them with proprioceptive stimulation on 8 muscular sites. We tested two
groups of children composed respectively of 14 dyslexic children and 10 controls.
Results: The results show transient visual scotoma (VS) produced by sensory stimulations
associated with the manipulation of oculomotor balance, the effect being drastically higher in
the dyslexic group. The spatial distribution of the VS is stochastic. The effect is not specific
for sounds but exists also with proprioceptive stimulations.
Discussion: Although there was a very significant difference between the two groups, we
were not able to correlate the (VS) occurrence with the dyslexic’s reading performance. One
possibility to confirm the link between VS and reading impairment would be to find
a specific treatment reducing the occurrence of the VS and to check its effect on dyslexia.
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