Gravity - Case of Incomplete Scientific Research

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Gravity is a phenomenon we experience daily—it's the force that makes apples fall, holds planets in orbit, and shapes the large‐scale structure of the universe. Yet, despite its ubiquitous role, our scientific understanding of gravity remains incomplete.

Gravity was first described by Newton as an inverse-square law: every mass attracts every other mass with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This model accurately explains everyday phenomena and even planetary motions under many circumstances.

Einstein’s general relativity (GR) later revolutionized our understanding by showing that gravity is not a force in the traditional sense but rather a manifestation of the curvature of spacetime caused by mass and energy. GR has been confirmed in a variety of tests—from the bending of light around the Sun to the recent detection of gravitational waves—but it is fundamentally a classical theory.

Even with GR’s successes, several aspects of gravity point to gaps in our current theories: Despite many decades of effort, scientists have not yet formulated a complete quantum theory of gravity. While the other fundamental forces (electromagnetism, and the strong and weak nuclear forces) are well described by quantum field theory, gravity stubbornly resists such a description. This mismatch creates a theoretical gap, particularly when trying to understand extremely small scales or extreme conditions like black hole singularities and the very early universe.

Observations of galaxies and the cosmic expansion reveal that visible matter makes up only about 5% of the universe. The remaining mass-energy is attributed to dark matter (about 27%) and dark energy (about 68%). Neither dark matter nor dark energy has been directly detected in the lab, and their nature remains a mystery. Some researchers speculate that our incomplete understanding of gravity might be linked to these phenomena.

The Standard Model of particle physics, which successfully describes three of the four fundamental interactions, does not incorporate gravity. This leaves gravity as an outlier—well understood at macroscopic scales by GR, yet not integrated into the quantum framework that underpins the rest of physics.

While we have achieved precise tests of GR (like gravitational wave observations and solar system experiments), probing the regimes where quantum gravitational effects should appear is extremely challenging. The energy scales and tiny distances where these effects become significant are far beyond the reach of current experiments.

Scientists are exploring several approaches to bridge these gaps. Theories such as string theory, loop quantum gravity, and emergent gravity are among the leading candidates attempting to unify GR with quantum mechanics. Experimental efforts continue as well—from gravitational wave observatories to cosmological surveys using instruments like the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument, which further test Einstein’s theory on cosmic scales and hint at the dynamic nature of dark energy.

In summary, while our current theories of gravity explain a vast array of phenomena remarkably well, the quest for a complete, unified theory of gravity remains one of the most significant open challenges in modern physics. This ongoing pursuit illustrates how scientific research, even in areas with centuries of study, can remain incomplete and ripe for new discoveries.

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[shawns]

Dark matter is regular mass that is dilated. Dilation/gamma is the phenomenon behind the phrase "mass becomes infinite at the speed of light". This doesn't mean mass increases, it means mass becomes spread throughout spacetime relative to an outside observer. Even mass that exists at 75% light speed is partially dilated. Time dilation is just one aspect of the phenomenon.
It occurs wherever there is an astronomical quantity of mass. This includes the centers of very high mass stars and the overwhelming majority of galaxy centers.
Our galactic center is dilated. This means that there is no valid XYZ coordinate we can attribute to it, you can't point your finger at something that is spread throughout spacetime. In other words that mass is all around us. It's the "missing mass" needed to explain galaxy rotation curves.
It doesn't occur in galaxies with low mass centers because they do not have enough mass to achieve relativistic velocities. It has been confirmed in 25 dwarf and ultra diffuse galaxies to have no dark matter. In other words they have normal rotation rates.There is no associated particle because dark matter is regular matter that is dilated. Dilation/gamma is the phenomenon behind the phrase "mass becomes infinite at the speed of light". This doesn't mean mass increases, it means mass becomes spread throughout spacetime relative to an outside observer. Even mass that exists at 75% light speed is partially dilated. Time dilation is just one aspect of the phenomenon.
It occurs wherever there is an astronomical quantity of mass. This includes the centers of very high mass stars and the overwhelming majority of galaxy centers.
Our galactic center is dilated. This means that there is no valid XYZ coordinate we can attribute to it, you can't point your finger at something that is spread throughout spacetime. In other words that mass is all around us. It's the "missing mass" needed to explain galaxy rotation curves.
It doesn't occur in galaxies with low mass centers because they do not have enough mass to achieve relativistic velocities. It has been confirmed in 25 dwarf and ultra diffuse galaxies to have no dark matter. In other words they have normal rotation rates.

[ZhanMorli]

Детям учебный прибор соберём? Пусть сами определяют размер Вселенной, измеряют кванты гравитации .. .
А то сделали сепаратор для шумов (мусора), вместо сеток используется шаблоны для отбора подходящих шумов (мусора), и при их случайном совпадение на разных детекторов - выдаются за гравитационные волны. Проверить это возможно, на прямом опыте с полезным сигналом в 70% - это устройство «Гибрид гироскоп Майкельсона» прибор о котором мечтал А. Эйнштейн …
Гибрид гироскоп Майкельсона - это прибор с помощью переключения направлений света в оптических обмоток работает как оптический гироскоп - это нужно только для подтверждения, что прибор собрали правильно. При совпадение направлении света, прибор работает по принципу опыта Майкельсона Морли 1881/2025 и детектора квантов гравитации. Для этой цели в устройстве используется две обмотки из ни круглых «специально вытянутых орбитах», сложены рядами в параллельных каркасах а плечи разведены этажами на 90* что позволяет свету в них проделать путь по виткам 1000 км. Весь прибор, монолит упакован в объём 1*** м
Что делает прибор мобильным и используется в автомобиле или самолёте, для определения их прямой скорости - Реализуем мечту Эйнштейна? Но если мы накосячим, то получим Нобелевскую премию за подтверждение Т.О., так как это же модно. Уважение тем кто хочет работать.