TEACHER DEBZ LEARNING VLOGS: Understanding Analogies

ENGLISH 7: MELC NO. 1 SUPPLY THE MISSING WORDS TO COMPLETE AN ANALOGY.

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analogy shows the relationships between words. It states the likeness between two things that are otherwise unlike. Analogies may enable one to learn new words by recognizing the relationship between words.
Examples: English : language :: Mathematics : arithmetic
The above stated example vividly shows the connection between English and language and Mathematics and arithmetic. English is basically a subject that is focused on language while Mathematics deals primarily with arithmetic or num- bers.
The colon (:) is used to split the analogy into two parts. The first part is the left-hand side of the double colon, “English : Language,” while the second part is the right hand side, “Mathematics : Arithmetic.” Keep in mind that the first set of words presents a relationship that is the same or alike as the second set of words. One possible way to read or verbalize an analogy is like this example:
English is to language as Mathematics is to Arithmetic.
Analogies have varied types such as:
a. Synonyms – words possessing the same meaning
e.g. happy: joyful :: pretty: cute
b. Antonym – words opposite to each other in terms of meaning e.g. huge: tiny :: hot: cold
c. Part and whole – where several objects comprise or make up a group e. g. heart: circulatory :: lungs: respiratory
d. Characteristics – mostly comprises descriptions of items e.g. smart: teacher :: board eraser: dusty
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f. Function – shows what a certain object is for or explains its use e.g. keyboard: type :: stove: cook
e. Cause and Effect – showing cause-and-effect relationship e.g. study: graduate :: hard work: success