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2D vs 3D Model of Hydraulic Fracturing
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This example illustrates the type of error that may arise from 2D simulations of 3D problems.
It is seen that a 2D simulation of hydraulic fracturing in a fractured rock mass starts to develop fractures propagating on each side of the borehole injection. As the crack on the right lobe encounters a highly inclined pre-existing fault it is arrested – permanently – and the hydraulic fracture propagates to the left only.
The 3D simulation is more realistic in that it considers the fact that pre-existing fractures are of limited extent in all three dimensions (The 2D example assumes that all pre-existing fractures extend without limit in the direction normal to the plane of the 2D section. It is seen that when a propagating hydraulic fracture encounters a pre-existing fracture normal to its path of propagation, it is initially arrested but, as fluid pressure in the hydraulic fracture is increased, the pre-existing fracture is eventually ‘absorbed’ by the hydraulic fracture, which then continues to propagate. The view of the evolution of fracture propagation is shown from various angles in order to allow better visualization of the process. This emphasizes the need for 3D simulation of a fractured rock mass when studying hydraulic fracturing. Indeed, the need to consider the 3D fracture network for more realistic simulations applies to most field simulations of response of a fractured rock mass to applied loads.
ITASCA is a global, employee-owned organization that is grounded in 40+ years of innovations by trailblazing software developers and engineers alike. We provide the world’s most widely used geotechnical software in applications.
Explore our software solutions today at:
It is seen that a 2D simulation of hydraulic fracturing in a fractured rock mass starts to develop fractures propagating on each side of the borehole injection. As the crack on the right lobe encounters a highly inclined pre-existing fault it is arrested – permanently – and the hydraulic fracture propagates to the left only.
The 3D simulation is more realistic in that it considers the fact that pre-existing fractures are of limited extent in all three dimensions (The 2D example assumes that all pre-existing fractures extend without limit in the direction normal to the plane of the 2D section. It is seen that when a propagating hydraulic fracture encounters a pre-existing fracture normal to its path of propagation, it is initially arrested but, as fluid pressure in the hydraulic fracture is increased, the pre-existing fracture is eventually ‘absorbed’ by the hydraulic fracture, which then continues to propagate. The view of the evolution of fracture propagation is shown from various angles in order to allow better visualization of the process. This emphasizes the need for 3D simulation of a fractured rock mass when studying hydraulic fracturing. Indeed, the need to consider the 3D fracture network for more realistic simulations applies to most field simulations of response of a fractured rock mass to applied loads.
ITASCA is a global, employee-owned organization that is grounded in 40+ years of innovations by trailblazing software developers and engineers alike. We provide the world’s most widely used geotechnical software in applications.
Explore our software solutions today at:
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