Object-oriented programming (OOP) Lec 4 | OOP series | basic concept | practical |

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that uses "objects" to design computer programs. These objects contain data (attributes) and methods (functions) that operate on that data. This approach focuses on structuring code around objects and their interactions, rather than just logic and functions.
n object-oriented programming (OOP), data types can be categorized into primitive (or built-in) types and object (or reference) types. Primitive types represent fundamental values like numbers and characters, while object types, like classes and arrays, are user-defined and can encapsulate data and methods.
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
1. Primitive Data Types:
Integers: Whole numbers (e.g., 10, -5, 0).
Floating-point numbers: Numbers with decimal points (e.g., 3.14, -2.5).
Characters: Single letters, symbols, or numbers (e.g., 'a', '!', '7').
Booleans: Represent truth values (true or false).
Other language-specific primitives: Some languages may have additional primitives like bytes or long integers.
2. Object (or Reference) Data Types:
Classes: User-defined blueprints for creating objects. They encapsulate data (attributes) and methods (functions) that operate on that data.
Arrays: Ordered collections of elements of the same data type.
Strings: Sequences of characters (often treated as objects).
Interfaces: Define a contract for classes to implement, specifying methods that a class must provide.
Objects: Instances of classes, representing specific entities with their own data and behaviors.
Key Differences:
Creation:
Primitive types are predefined, while object types are typically created by the programmer.
Storage:
Primitive types store the actual data value, while object types store a reference (memory address) to the object.
Complexity:
Object types can be more complex, allowing for encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.
Example (Conceptual):
Imagine a Dog class in OOP. It could have data members like name, breed, and age, and methods like bark() and fetch(). A specific dog object (like "Buddy", a golden retriever, age 3) would be an instance of the Dog class, holding the data specific to that individual dog.
Understanding these data types is crucial for writing effective and well-structured object-oriented programs.