What is Dementia? Fast Facts You Need to Know! #facts #trending #dementia #neurodegenerativedisease

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What is Dementia? Fast Facts You Need to Know! #facts #trending #dementia #neurodegenerativedisease #neurocognitivedisorder

✅Also known as: major neurocognitive disorder / Neurodegenerative disease

✅A group of symptoms that affects memory, thinking and interfers with daily life.

✅Decline in cognitive function
Dementia is a general term for a decline in cognitive function. It is not a specific disease, but a syndrome that can have various causes and symptoms. Dementia affects memory, thinking, language, judgement, and behaviour. It is usually chronic or progressive, and more common in older people.

✅Symptoms
Contact your provider if experiencing new, severe, or persistent symptoms.
The symptoms include:

Cognitive and sensory changes:

Memory loss, generally noticed by the near and dear ones
Difficulty in communication, especially finding the right words to communicate
Reduced ability to organise, plan, reason, or solve problems
Difficulty handling complex tasks
Confusion and disorientation
Difficulty with coordination and motor functions
Loss of or Reduced visual perception
Metallic taste in mouth, decreased sense of smell
Agnosia - unable to identify objects or persons
Psychological changes:

Changes in personality and behaviour
Depression
Anxiety
Hallucinations
Mood swings
Agitation
Apathy - lack of interest or emotions

✅Causes
Damage to brain cells is the primary cause of dementia. Causes for this damage include:
Advance age, as in case of Alzheimer’s disease
Family history
Damage to blood vessels of the brain
Accumulation of clumps of protein in the brain
Genetic disorders such as Huntington's disease
Mental and neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and depression
Traumatic brain injury or repetitive brain injury as seen in boxers
Infections which cause high fever
Metabolic disorders such as thyroid problems and diabetes
Certain medications
Vitamin deficiencies
Poisoning with heavy metals or pesticides
Alcohol abuse
Brain tumour or cancer
Enlarged structures of the brain

✅Most types of dementia cannot be cured. Treatments aim at reducing symptoms and progression of the condition.

✅Medication
Cholinesterase inhibitors: Helps to improve memory and cognitive functioning.
Donepezil . Galantamine
NMDA receptor antagonists: To improve learning and memory.
Memantine
Antipsychotics: To treat symptoms of anxiety, depression, and agitation.
Risperidone

➡️ Therapy
Occupational therapy:Occupational therapy to make the home environment safe and help you cope with your condition.

➡️Self-care
Always talk to your provider before starting anything.
The environment by reducing noise and distraction to help dementia patients focus and work.
Modifying tasks by breaking them into simpler tasks to help patients retain focus.
➡️Nutrition
Foods to eat:
Include fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains in your diet
Include Vitamin E supplements
Include fish in the diet to obtain adequate amounts of omega-3-fatty acids
Include low-fat or fat-free foods to manage high blood cholesterol
Use salt and sodium moderately
Foods to avoid:
Avoid carbohydrate-rich foods to manage diabetes
➡️Specialist To Consult
Neurologist
Specializes in treating diseases of the nervous system, which includes the brain, the spinal cord, and the nerves.
Psychiatrist
Specializes in the branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness.

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