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Alkaloid Containing Crude Drug (Part 01) = Vinca & Belladonna (Sourec, Description, Chemical & Uses)
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Belladona
Belladonna Leaf consists of the dried leaves and, occasionally fruit bearing flowering tops of Atropa belladonna L. (Solanaceae); it contains not less than 0.30% of total alkaloids calculated as hyoscyamine.
The drug from A. belladonna contains 0.3–0.60% of alkaloids, the chief of which is hyoscyamine. Small quantities of volatile bases, such as pyridine and N-methylpyrroline, are present, and if not removed during the assay of the drug by heating, increase the titration and appear in the result as hyoscyamine. The leaves also contain a fluorescent substance, β-methylaesculetin (scopoletin), and calcium oxalate.
Prepared Belladonna Herb is the finely powdered drug adjusted to contain 0.28–0.32% of total alkaloids. Note the ‘loss on drying’ requirement.
Vinca.
The Madagascan periwinkle, Catharanthus roseus, has been variously designated Vinca rosea and Lochnera rosea (Apocynaceae).
Constituents: About 150 alkaloids have now been isolated from C. roseus; some, for example, ajmalicine, lochnerine, serpentine and tetrahydroalstonine, occur in other genera of the family. About 20 bisindole alkaloids which contains those having antineoplastic activity, including leurocristine (vincristine) and vincaleukoblastine (vinblastine). Vinblastine is produced by coupling of the indole alkaloids catharanthine and vindoline, both of which occur free in the plant.
Uses: Vinblastine is used mainly for the treatment of generalized Hodgkin’s disease, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Vincristine is used principally in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukaemia in children. It has other applications for lymphomas, small-cell lung cancer, cervical and breast cancers. The semi-synthetic vindesine is also used in the treatment of acute lymphoid leukaemia in children. Vincristine has a superior antitumour activity compared to vinblastine, but is more neurotoxic.
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