History of Israel & Palestine in 10 Minutes

Ancient Israel emerged as a kingdom in the Levant around 1000 BCE, but the region was later conquered by various empires, including the Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, and Romans. After the Jewish revolt against Rome in the 1st and 2nd centuries CE, much of the Jewish population was exiled, though Jewish communities remained in the region alongside others. Over centuries, the area, known as Palestine, was ruled by the Byzantine Empire, Islamic Caliphates, Crusaders, Mamluks, and the Ottoman Empire. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Zionism, a movement advocating for a Jewish homeland, gained momentum, while Arab nationalism also grew in response to colonial and Zionist activities. After World War I, the British Mandate for Palestine (1920) placed the region under British control. Tensions escalated as Jewish immigration increased, often clashing with the Arab population. These tensions culminated in the United Nations’ 1947 partition plan, proposing separate Jewish and Arab states, which was accepted by Jewish leaders but rejected by Arab leaders, setting the stage for the establishment of Israel in 1948 and subsequent conflict.

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