Python programming tutorial 10 bitwise logical operators

python programming tutorial: 10 bitwise logical operators (detailed)

this tutorial delves into the world of bitwise logical operators in python. these operators work directly on the binary representation of numbers, manipulating individual bits to achieve various results. while not used as frequently as other operators, they are powerful tools for specific tasks such as low-level programming, data compression, cryptography, and working with hardware. understanding bitwise operators can unlock a new level of control and efficiency in your python code.

**1. understanding bits and binary representation**

before diving into the operators, it's crucial to grasp the concept of bits and binary. in computing, data is stored and processed using binary numbers, which are based on a system of 0s and 1s. each 0 or 1 is called a bit.

for example, the decimal number 10 can be represented in binary as 1010. let's break this down:

* **1010 (binary)** = (1 * 2^3) + (0 * 2^2) + (1 * 2^1) + (0 * 2^0) = 8 + 0 + 2 + 0 = **10 (decimal)**

each position in a binary number represents a power of 2, starting from the rightmost bit as 2^0 (1), then 2^1 (2), 2^2 (4), 2^3 (8), and so on.

**2. the 10 bitwise operators in python**

python offers six standard bitwise operators, plus four compound assignment operators.

| operator | name | description | example |
|----------|--------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------|
| `&` | bitwise and | sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1 | `a & b` |
| `|` | bitwise or | sets each bit to 1 if one of the two bits is 1 | `a | b` |
| `^` | bitwise xor | sets each bit to 1 if only one of the two bits is 1 | `a ^ b` |
| `~` ...

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