The New Map by Daniel Yergin

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[The_ThoughtLab]

American Shale Revolution
- George Mitchell pioneered combining horizontal drilling with hydraulic fracturing
- Transformed US from energy dependent to dominant producer
- Created economic benefits: 30-50% lower industrial electricity prices than Europe/Asia
- Sparked environmental debates and protests (Keystone XL, Standing Rock)
- Weakened Russia's leverage over Europe through gas exports

Russia's Gas Strategy
- Uses Gazprom and gas pipelines as geopolitical tools
- Built Nord Stream to bypass transit countries
- Created divisions within EU over energy dependency
- Faced challenges from US shale competition and EU's green transition
- Pivoted toward Asian markets, especially China

China's Energy Security
- Heavily dependent on imported oil (75% of supply)
- Faces "Malacca Dilemma" - vulnerable shipping routes
- Launched Belt and Road Initiative to secure alternative energy routes
- Investing in ports, pipelines across Asia and Africa
- Developing renewable energy to reduce vulnerability

Middle East Dynamics
- Region's borders shaped by oil politics
- Iran-Saudi Arabia rivalry central to regional tensions
- Sanctions on Iran's oil exports affected global markets
- Gulf states planning for post-oil future (Saudi Vision 2030, UAE investments)
- Economic diversification becoming crucial

Transportation Revolution
- Electric vehicles gaining momentum, led by Tesla
- Battery costs dropped 90% in past decade
- Traditional auto manufacturers adapting to change
- Rise of autonomous vehicles and ride-sharing services
- Could reshape global energy power dynamics

Clean Energy Transition
- Paris Agreement marked turning point in climate action
- Renewable energy costs falling dramatically
- Nuclear power offers carbon-free option but faces opposition
- New potential energy powers emerging based on renewable resources
- Traditional fossil fuel nations under pressure to adapt