24. Neurobiology 1

MIT 7.013 Introductory Biology, Spring 2011
Instructor: Hazel Sive

In this lecture, Professor Sive explains the nervous system as a communication network, beginning with neurons, action potentials, and ion channels and pumps.

License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA

[olgapatton]

that was a great lecture, thank you. I go to community college and get great grades because I watch only MIT lectures.

[Georgo]

Wow. What a lecture. One of the best I have seen so far. Clear, concise, sequential and diagrammatic.

[neillamas]

Interesting lecture for:
- @9:44 3D-optical image of 100um^3 of the human brain (~100 cells)
- @22:00 higher concentration of Na+ and Ca++ outside the cell --> negative membrane potential
- @23:40 explanation of action potential dynamics

[genesiscamacho]

Me yelling at my phone “shut up, let the woman speak”

[robingoff]

not studied biology previously - viewed some neuroscience videos MIT OCW and these - thanks to all at MIT for the knowledge
many thanks Hazel and MIT team
R

[biochemistrypk]

Teacher on work, highest stranded of teaching

[dumbask]

This is so profound and relatable to many other field's. This is a perfect Genius at work. Thank you!

[xibaryon]

2:20

c-Myc is a proto-oncogen which in summary is involved in cell proliferation not an oncogene (turns into oncogene by the right mutations).

A biology professor at MIT should know how important it's to build a real understanding of biology by not misinterpreting important concepts in cancer biology.

[ciai]

Excelent content. Are there more lecutres from this professor available?

[woloabel]

(On Wednesday of January 25, 2023) On The Lecture of PhD Hazel Sive on the Matter of Introductory Biology Open Courseware Of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Questions of Students on Various Topics: 1) Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPS Cells). 2) MYC-C Gene (Transcription Factor) and its Proto-oncogene Function; 3) Autologous nature And benefit of iPS Cells; Otherwise, Biological Systems or Organ Systems which Synergistically Function To Create One Whole Functioning Body or Specie. Thereafter on the Matter of Neurobiology and the Nervous System with the basic Unit, the Neuron; 1Axons (Wire Analogy) is a Long and Intracellular Signal known for Rapid Signal Transduction (Transmission) in the Process of Ionic Movement (Action Potential Propagation). The Bi-layered Membrane Potential (Positive Charge) is at a Differential (Na+ Higher Concentration in outside than in Anion Concentrated (Mostly Cl- Anion, but also Low K+ Cations) Inner Plasma Membrane; Thereafter the Action Potential (AP) is a local and transient Depolarization of Plasma Membrane (Positive Outer Layer becoming Negative, Repolariziation which Propagates the Signal); Threshold Potential is Slight Depolarization which goes on to synergistically build an even Greater Depolarization (-55mv) at a surface area of a micron squared for a millisecond time length Reversing Polarity at a Zero-Sum Conception (-55mv to about 60mv); A Refractory Property of the Plasma Membrane is the ability and quality of signal propagation unidirectionally and not in multiple or bi-direction; Myelination of the Axons is the structural Layering of the Axon for the Purpose of insuring Na+ Cations Locality (or insulation of the Axon by a fatty bi-layered sheaths); Nodes without Myelin are where the Action Potential Initiates; 2) Ion Channels are permeable exclusively to Ions Diffusing Across the Membrane; a) Gated Ion Channels require a Stimulus (Ligand-Receptor Signal Transduction Modality) to Open an thereby influence AP; and 3) Ion Pumps are Essential in the Regulation of Action Potentials a) Na+/K+ Pump (aka ATPase) allowing K+ in at a Rate of 2 K+ ion and 3 Na+ Out (3 to 2 Ratio); b) Open Potassium (K+) Channel allowing Potassium Ions Out until there is a Na+ Ion Correction (Repelling the Potassium by Preponderance Gradient); c) Voltage Gated Na+ Channel is a Complex of Proteins with Closed Dynamics (Alpha Helices Charged Nature) at Resting Potential and Open when Threshold Potential Arises further Allowing the Propagation of the Action Potential (Most Channels Consist of Subunits of Various Proteins Sizes and Shapes with alpha-Beta Designations); d) Chloride Channel (Cl-) is Permissive to Cl- Anions (Chlorine 17P with a Gain of an Electron Making Chloride); 2) Synapse (Connection of minimal Length but crucial in Signal Transduction (Neurotransmitter Emission and Reception Site); 3) Action Potential And/or Singla and Cofactor of Ion Channel or Pump (Na=, Ca2+, Cl-, etcetera); 2) Glia (Auxiliary [Support] Cells without actual Nerve Function); Dendrites are Processes of Input Value or The Structure which Feeds a Neuron in Signal Transduction of Nerves. PhD Hazel Sive is an extraordinary Biochemists also as shown herein. Heil!

[randomniche]

what a beautiful scientist and a beautiful lecture.

[priyamkaple]

How do scientists got to know that how these things work that also at such tiny level. I think there must be a course also on how these were discovered.

[MsJeannieKellyTX]

This has been an amazing lecture and I learned so much. Thank you 🙏🏻

[susanabermudez]

Thank you so much for share the knowledge.

[LOUSVILLEKY]

whats the physics formula for the exchange of neurons per se at which its matters exchanges and the voltage on the sodium? even at that can ψ BE applued someplace at the action potential or some jargon lie that, like the formula of fourier trans or something off the wall like that? seems like there should be a physics formula that would represent the action on a molecular level of depoarization. μ
WHICH THEN COULD IT MIGHT? in turn, change? even at which its potential to interact would perhaps

[josetavares]

This is a very interesting course to study and reach your potential of learning from this grad School MIT. This School is very resourceful in giving
value information in Neurobiology.

[mattbabik]

If anyone can answer my question real quick: in the last topic, when the threshold potential is reached becuase of the opposite charges on both sides of the membrane why would the NA gate open even without an input. Wouldnt this mean you would feel random things in your body if you left that part untouched for a while?

[nibussss]

Sciatic nerve is one coz fast. Tempt secondary when lion snake etc..so slower ok...

[LangoshLover]

I studied nervous system and I must declare that ignorance level of co-existence is so much more reproducable than eco-identity

[Nazhin.Khamanzadeh]

Hello

I'm sorry to disturb you

I wanted to use a sentence in my research paper

The main method of the human brain is what it tells it what to do

May I know your opinion, do you think it is special?


Nazhin Khamanzadeh

Farzangan