Punnett Squares and Sex-Linked Traits (UPDATED)

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Table of Contents:
00:00 Intro
0:49 Sex Chromosomes
2:25 Solving Sex Linked Punnett Square Problem
5:40 Five Things to Keep in Mind
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*TEXTBOOK REFERENCES*

Urry, Lisa A, et al. Campbell Biology. 11th ed., New York, Ny, Pearson Education, Inc, 2017.

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*ADDITIONAL DETAIL INFORMATION*

*Biological sex described by NIH & Yale School of Medicine:

^^Above sources also explain difference of sex & gender.

*This video is about traits on sex chromosomes. In most cases, females have XX chromosomes & males have XY chromosomes BUT as video mentions, this is not always the case.
Examples:
Info about SRY gene & also conditions related to variants in SRY gene:

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*FURTHER EXPLORATION*
1. How did X and Y sex chromosomes get their names?

2. Preeclampsia was mentioned as an example that many disorders may have a genetic component yet are NOT single gene traits (and thus can't be easily worked on a Punnett square). In addition, many disorders may involve autosomes and other external factors. As mentioned, the cause of preeclampsia is currently not well understood though gene involvement is being studied.

*Recent News regarding Preeclampsia:

3. Sex chromosomes in other animals can vary & may not be able to be worked in same type of Punnett square:

Sex chromosomes in birds? Written by a professor of genetics:

Platypus:

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MUSIC:
Intro music designed and performed by Jeremiah Cheshire.
End music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library.

TRANSLATIONS:
Hindi Subtitles Credit: Alisha Aggarwal

[AmoebaSisters]

*TEXTBOOK REFERENCES*

Clark, Mary Ann, et al. “12.2 Characteristics and Traits - Biology 2e | OpenStax.” Openstax.org, 28 Mar. 2018,

Urry, Lisa A, et al. Campbell Biology. 11th ed., New York, Ny, Pearson Education, Inc, 2017.


*ADDITIONAL DETAIL INFORMATION*


*Biological sex described by NIH & Yale School of Medicine:


^^Above sources also explain difference of sex & gender.

*This video is about traits on sex chromosomes. In most cases, females have XX chromosomes & males have XY chromosomes BUT as video mentions, this is not always the case.
Examples:
Info about SRY gene & also conditions related to variants in SRY gene:


*FURTHER EXPLORATION*
1. How did X and Y sex chromosomes get their names?

2. Preeclampsia was mentioned as an example that many disorders may have a genetic component yet are NOT single gene traits (and thus can't be easily worked on a Punnett square). In addition, many disorders may involve autosomes and other external factors. As mentioned, the cause of preeclampsia is currently not well understood though gene involvement is being studied.


*Recent News regarding Preeclampsia:


3. Sex chromosomes in other animals can vary & may not be able to be worked in same type of Punnett square:

Sex chromosomes in birds? Written by a professor of genetics:

Platypus:

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[marcusscience]

For females with XX chromosomes, each cell randomly and permanently chooses one X chromosome to activate and silences the other. If there is an X-linked trait on one of the X chromosomes, the cells that have that X chromosome activated will be affected, but the cells that have the other X chromosome activated will not. In males with XY chromosomes, all the cells will have the only X chromosome activated, and will be affected by any X-linked traits present.