Theoretical Physics Simply Explained!

A subfield of physics known as theoretical physics uses mathematical models and frameworks to comprehend and explain the underlying laws of the cosmos. It tries to create theoretical explanations and forecasts for a variety of natural phenomena, from the dynamics of galaxies to the behaviour of subatomic particles.

In order to describe how physical systems behave, theoretical physicists create mathematical equations, build models, and create theoretical frameworks. To build these models, they frequently use calculus, differential equations, linear algebra, and complex analytic techniques and ideas.

Our grasp of the laws of nature is being explored and advanced by theoretical physics. It looks for the fundamental ideas that underlie how matter, energy, space, and time behave. Theoretical physicists contribute to the creation of fresh concepts, theories, and explanations that may be put to the test through experiments or observations by putting forth and testing theoretical hypotheses.

Quantum mechanics, general relativity, particle physics, cosmology, string theory, and quantum field theory are a few examples of theoretical physics fields. Theoretical physicists frequently work with experimental physicists to test the hypotheses put forth by theoretical models through experiments. They hope to progress science and deepen our understanding of the physical world by working together.

Thank you
Craig Kirkman

[SpotterVideo]

Conservation of Spatial Curvature (Both Matter and Energy described as "Quanta" of Spatial Curvature. A string is revealed to be a twisted cord when viewed up close.)

Is there an alternative interpretation of "Asymptotic Freedom"? What if Quarks are actually made up of twisted tubes which become physically entangled with two other twisted tubes to produce a proton? Instead of the Strong Force being mediated by the constant exchange of gluons, it would be mediated by the physical entanglement of these twisted tubes. When only two twisted tubules are entangled, a meson is produced which is unstable and rapidly unwinds (decays) into something else. A proton would be analogous to three twisted rubber bands becoming entangled and the "Quarks" would be the places where the tubes are tangled together. The behavior would be the same as rubber balls (representing the Quarks) connected with twisted rubber bands being separated from each other or placed closer together producing the exact same phenomenon as "Asymptotic Freedom" in protons and neutrons. The force would become greater as the balls are separated, but the force would become less if the balls were placed closer together. Therefore, the gluon is a synthetic particle (zero mass, zero charge) invented to explain the Strong Force. An artificial Christmas tree can hold the ornaments in place, but it is not a real tree.

String Theory was not a waste of time, because Geometry is the key to Math and Physics. However, can we describe Standard Model interactions using only one extra spatial dimension? What did some of the old clockmakers use to store the energy to power the clock? Was it a string or was it a spring?

What if we describe subatomic particles as spatial curvature, instead of trying to describe General Relativity as being mediated by particles? Fixing the Standard Model with more particles is like trying to mend a torn fishing net with small rubber balls, instead of a piece of twisted twine.

Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules:
“We are all agreed that your theory is crazy. The question which divides us is whether it is crazy enough to have a chance of being correct.” Neils Bohr
(lecture on a theory of elementary particles given by Wolfgang Pauli in New York, c. 1957–8, in Scientific American vol. 199, no. 3, 1958)

The following is meant to be a generalized framework for an extension of Kaluza-Klein Theory. Does it agree with some aspects of the “Twistor Theory” of Roger Penrose, and the work of Eric Weinstein on “Geometric Unity”, and the work of Dr. Lisa Randall on the possibility of one extra spatial dimension? During the early history of mankind, the twisting of fibers was used to produce thread, and this thread was used to produce fabrics. The twist of the thread is locked up within these fabrics. Is matter made up of twisted 3D-4D structures which store spatial curvature that we describe as “particles"? Are the twist cycles the "quanta" of Quantum Mechanics?

When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. ( E=hf, More spatial curvature as the frequency increases = more Energy ). What if Quark/Gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks where the tubes are entangled? (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are a part of the quarks. Quarks cannot exist without gluons, and vice-versa. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Charge" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" are logically based on this concept. The Dirac “belt trick” also reveals the concept of twist in the ½ spin of subatomic particles. If each twist cycle is proportional to h, we have identified the source of Quantum Mechanics as a consequence twist cycle geometry.

Modern physicists say the Strong Force is mediated by a constant exchange of Gluons. The diagrams produced by some modern physicists actually represent the Strong Force like a spring connecting the two quarks. Asymptotic Freedom acts like real springs. Their drawing is actually more correct than their theory and matches perfectly to what I am saying in this model. You cannot separate the Gluons from the Quarks because they are a part of the same thing. The Quarks are the places where the Gluons are entangled with each other.

Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. The twist in the torus can either be Right-Hand or Left-Hand. Some twisted donuts can be larger than others, which can produce three different types of neutrinos. If a twisted tube winds up on one end and unwinds on the other end as it moves through space, this would help explain the “spin” of normal particles, and perhaps also the “Higgs Field”. However, if the end of the twisted tube joins to the other end of the twisted tube forming a twisted torus (neutrino), would this help explain “Parity Symmetry” violation in Beta Decay? Could the conversion of twist cycles to writhe cycles through the process of supercoiling help explain “neutrino oscillations”? Spatial curvature (mass) would be conserved, but the structure could change.

Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons?

Does an electron travel through space like a threaded nut traveling down a threaded rod, with each twist cycle proportional to Planck’s Constant? Does it wind up on one end, while unwinding on the other end? Is this related to the Higgs field? Does this help explain the strange ½ spin of many subatomic particles? Does the 720 degree rotation of a 1/2 spin particle require at least one extra dimension?

Alpha decay occurs when the two protons and two neutrons (which are bound together by entangled tubes), become un-entangled from the rest of the nucleons

. Beta decay occurs when the tube of a down quark/gluon in a neutron becomes overtwisted and breaks producing a twisted torus (neutrino) and an up quark, and the ejected electron. The production of the torus may help explain the “Symmetry Violation” in Beta Decay, because one end of the broken tube section is connected to the other end of the tube produced, like a snake eating its tail. The phenomenon of Supercoiling involving twist and writhe cycles may reveal how overtwisted quarks can produce these new particles. The conversion of twists into writhes, and vice-versa, is an interesting process, which is also found in DNA molecules. Could the production of multiple writhe cycles help explain the three generations of quarks and neutrinos? If the twist cycles increase, the writhe cycles would also have a tendency to increase.

Gamma photons are produced when a tube unwinds producing electromagnetic waves. ( Mass=1/Length )

The “Electric Charge” of electrons or positrons would be the result of one twist cycle being displayed at the 3D-4D surface interface of the particle. The physical entanglement of twisted tubes in quarks within protons and neutrons and mesons displays an overall external surface charge of an integer number. Because the neutrinos do not have open tube ends, (They are a twisted torus.) they have no overall electric charge.

Within this model a black hole could represent a quantum of gravity, because it is one cycle of spatial gravitational curvature. Therefore, instead of a graviton being a subatomic particle it could be considered to be a black hole. The overall gravitational attraction would be caused by a very tiny curvature imbalance within atoms.

In this model Alpha equals the compactification ratio within the twistor cone, which is approximately 1/137.

1= Hypertubule diameter at 4D interface

137= Cone’s larger end diameter at 3D interface where the photons are absorbed or emitted.

The 4D twisted Hypertubule gets longer or shorter as twisting or untwisting occurs. (720 degrees per twist cycle.)

How many neutrinos are left over from the Big Bang? They have a small mass, but they could be very large in number. Could this help explain Dark Matter?

Why did Paul Dirac use the twist in a belt to help explain particle spin? Is Dirac’s belt trick related to this model? Is the “Quantum” unit based on twist cycles?

I started out imagining a subatomic Einstein-Rosen Bridge whose internal surface is twisted with either a Right-Hand twist, or a Left-Hand twist producing a twisted 3D/4D membrane. This topological Soliton model grew out of that simple idea. I was also trying to imagine a way to stuff the curvature of a 3 D sine wave into subatomic particles.

[HankKroll]

Earth is extremely unique in that 900-million years ago it had a high pressure carbon dioxide atmosphere much like Venus has today.The atmospheric pressure on the surface of Venus is currently1350 pounds per square inch. In other words Venus currently has 92 times more air than earth.The atmospheric pressure on Earth is currently14.7 pounds per square inch and Co2 is a trace gas at .033%. So where did early Earth’s high pressure atmosphere go?
After earth left its birthplace in Orion Earth froze up for a billion years known as the Huronian Glaciation. Earth had one continent covered with a five-mile deep coating of ice. Finally our Sun with a masses of 2e30 drifted between Sirius A and B that has a mass of 6.8e30 and Procyon A and B with a mass of 6e30 Each of these stars that aren’t from our Galaxy but were captured by it and each has a white dear orbiting them. Our Sun matched the speed of Sirius B, the size of Earth that has a mass of 3e30; 1.5 times more gravity than our Sun and we started following it around Sirius A. It was the light from those objects that allows you to drive a car and heats your home, not the Sun!
The little white dwarf star the size of Earth but 1.5 solar masses puts our more than 100-times the light of our sun in the UV spectrum. It was the light from Sirius A and B that melted the billion-year Huronian Glaciation and took Earth’s high pressure 1000 PSI CO2 atmosphere down with photosynthesis into coal, oil and limestone layers up to 12, 500-feet thick.
The sun did not make our carbon resources on Earth! When you are driving your car down the road you are recycling light energy from Sirius A and B, not the Sun! Humans have been worshiping the wrong sun god for 4000 years.
All that UV light from Sirius B also modified animal and plant DNA to speeding up evolution. The sun did not burn as hot 800-million years ago as it does today so there is no way the Sun could have made our carbon energy and resources on this planet.
Our Sun was captured by Sirius A and B about 800-million years ago. We were in a nice tight orbit following Sirius B around Sirius A at eight to ten astronomical units for 750-million years.
Earth’s 1000 PSI atmosphere was taken down with photosynthesis with light from Sirius A and B into limestone layers up to 12, 500-feet thick (calcium carbonates). The light from the Sirius system created vast layers of coal and oil all made by plants using light from Sirius A and B not the Sun and released free oxygen in the process.
There is only one object out there capable of getting through early earth 3000-mile deep atmosphere and that is the Sirius system and we are heading toward it a 7.5 kilometers per second. We did the orbit calculations and it matches the Ice Age cycle of 105, 000 years—hence the title of the book.
Sirius B, the size of Earth and 1.5 solar masses has more gravity than the sun. We matched its speed and it put us in orbit around Sirius A. Sirius B orbits at 8 to 10 AU around Sirius A every 50-years. Sirius B puts out 100 to 1000 times the light of our sun in the UV spectrum in 350 to 400 nanometers. It’s the only object out there capable of getting through early Earth’s 1000 pound per square inch atmosphere that was over 3000 miles deep to create life “on the surface of the waters” and give us our wonderful carbon resources.
Sirius A, being 4.5 solar masses puts out four times the light of our sun in the visible light spectrum helped thaw the five-mile deep ice sheets of the billion-year Huronian Glaciation. This had to take place before non-cyclic photosynthesis could take place. When you are driving your car down the road or heating your home with coal or oil you are recycling stellar energy from Sirius A and B, not the sun!

Read: COSMOLOGICAL ICE AGES by Henry Kroll
www.HankKroll.com, www.Trafford, com, www.Amazon, com
And bookstores around the world.

Reducing carbon dioxide will kill earth.
Oswald didn’t kill Kennedy. Kennedy was shot from the front.