Poor prognostic factors in low back pain

Patient history:
Advanced age
Poor baseline functional status
Severe self-rated pain & mood symptoms

Psychosocial factors:
Psychiatric comorbidity (eg, depression, anxiety)
Maladaptive pain behaviors (eg, catastrophizing, avoidant behaviors)
Poor recovery expectations

Other:
No interest in mobility/exercise (prolonged bed rest)
Required opioid therapy to manage pain