Database Systems - Relational vs NoSQL Databases

Most popular and leading database systems are relational databases, which stores data in tables, columns, and rows, similar to a spreadsheet.

All data in each column have the same format
All data in each row represents a single object (such as a Person object for a contact list, or a Car object for a car deal inventory list)
Supports SQL
Ideal for databases that require accuracy for all transactions – banking, airline reservations, etc,

Big data is large, hard-to-manage volumes of data, that may be both structured and unstructured. Companies collect lots of data from their users, but it's what they do with the data that matters. Big data can be analyzed using tools like Tableau for insights that lead to better company decisions and strategic business moves.

Relational databases systems were not initially designed for big data causing many non-relational systems to become popular. The most popular type of non-relational systems is called a  NoSQL database, which stores data as key-value pairs, typically in-memory, and is optimized for big data. Although the name noSQL suggests that it doesn’t support SQL, most NoSQL databases have added support for SQL, so noSQL now means 'not only SQL'.

Most database systems were originally for-profit commercial software, such as Oracle, that required licensing. Currently, open source databases are popular because they are free, and there is a community of developers able to inspect, modify, or copy the database without any fee or license. There are many different open-source databases that are both relational and noSQL. MySQL, SQLite, and Firebase are the most popular open-source relational database. Popular open-source noSQL databases include PostgreSQL, MongoDB, MariaDB, and Redis.

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