Kazakh Language Plural Form of Nouns Lesson #14

Kazakh Language Lessons
A gift to Dimash Kudaibergen for his Birthday May 24, 2020

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[igat]

Көп көп рақмет Санду <3 In the beginning it is not easy, but you explained it very clear. I really like the table showing 5 groups (2 vowel groups and 3 consonant groups) :)

[igat]

EN: Tanscription of today's lesson.

Hello everyone! Welcome back to Kazakh language lesson.
Today we will learn plural form of nouns.

Plural form is “Көптік жалғауы”
“Көп” means many, mach, and “жалғау” is ending.
Only countable nouns have a plural form.
Uncountable nouns, for example: milk, flower, water, do not have a plural form.

As I mentioned in previous lessons Kazakh is characterised by vowel harmony there are hard and soft vowels the heart vowels always follow the heart vowels, and accordingly the soft vowels follow the soft vowels in a word.
If you remember the group of hard and soft vowels, then it will be easy for you to add the correct endings to the words.

There are six plural form endings in Kazakh: -лар (-lar), -лер (-ler), -дар (-dar), -дер (-der), -тар (-tar), -тер (-ter).

As you see in the chart the first column with the hard vowels and the second column with the soft vowels.

There are three rules for how to form the plural depending on the ending of the noun.
1. First, if the noun ends in vowels or consonants: р (r), й (ı), у (ý), we have to add -лар (-lar), -лер (-ler) to make it plural.
2. The second, when a noun ends with the consonants: л (l), м (m), н (n), ң (ń), ж (j), з (z), we have to add -дар (-dar), -дер (-der) to make it plural.
3. And the third, if the singular noun ends with the consonants in group 5, as it's shown in the chart on the right side, we have to add -тар (-tar), -тер (-ter) to make it plural.

Let's see the examples.
“Жекеше түр” means singular form “көпше түр” means plural form.

The first example: бала (bala) - a child. The word бала (bala) ends with ‘а’ vowel. According to the rule we have to add -лар (-lar) or -лер (-ler). Since the ‘а’ is a hard vowel we have to add ending with the hard vowel -лар (-lar).
Бала-лар (bala-lar)
балалар (balalar) – children

The second one: жылқы (jylqy) - a horse. жылқы (jylqy) ends with a hard vowel ‘ы’. Accordingly, we add -лар (-lar).
Жылқы-лар (jylqy-lar)
Жылқылар (jylqylar) - horses

Терезе (tereze) - a window. The word терезе (tereze) ends with the soft vowel ‘e’. According to the rule we have to add the ending with the soft vowel -лер (-ler).
Терезе-лер (tereze-ler)
Терезелер (terezeler) - windows

The next one:
Сөмке (sómke) – a bag
Сөмке (sómke) ends with a soft vowel ‘e’. Accordingly, we add -лер (-ler).
Сөмке-лер (sómke-ler)
Сөмкелер (sómkeler) - bags

The second rule. When a noun ends with the consonants л (l), м (m), н (n), ң (ń), ж (j), з (z), we have to add -дар (-dar), -дер (-der) to make it plural.
For example
Қалам (Qalam) – a pen
The word kalam ends with the consonant м (m) and contains the hard vowel. According to the rule, we have to add the ending with the
hard vowel -дар (-dar):
Қалам-дар (Qalam-dar)
Қаламдар (Qalamdar) - pens

The next one:
Қыз (Qyz) - a girl
Қыз (Qyz) ends with the consonant з (z) and contains the hard vowel. Accordingly, we have to add -дар (-dar)
Қыз-дар (Qyz-dar)
Қыздар (Qyzdar) - girls

Гүл (gúl) - a flower
The word Гүл (gúl) ends with the consonant л (l) and contains the soft vowel, that's why we have to add ending with the soft vowel -дер (-der):
Гүл-дер (gúl-der)
Гүлдер (gúlder) - flowers

Мұғалім (muǵalim) – teacher
The word Мұғалім (muǵalim) ends with the consonant м (m) and please pay attention to the last syllable. The last syllable contains the soft vowel ‘i’, that's why we have to add ending with the soft vowel -дер (-der):
Мұғалім-дер (muǵalim-der)
Мұғалімдер (muǵalimder) - teachers

The last rule. If the noun ends with the consonants in group 5, as it's shown in the chart, we have to add -тар (-tar), -тер (-ter).to make it plural.

For example:
Мысық (mysyq) – a cat
The word Мысық (mysyq) ends with the consonant қ (q), which is in the group five, and contains the hard vowels. That's why we have to add the ending with the hard vowel -тар (-tar)
Мысық-тар (mysyq-tar)
Мысық-тар (mysyq-tar) – cats

The same rule for the next example
Ағаш (aǵash) – a tree
The word Ағаш (aǵash) ends with the consonant ш (sh), which is in the group five, and contains the soft vowel. That's why we have to add the ending with a soft vowel -тaр (-tar)
Ағаш-тар (aǵash-tаr)
Ағаштар (aǵashtаr) - trees

Ит (ıt) – a dog
The word Ит (ıt) ends with the consonant т (t), which is in the group five, and contains the soft vowel. That's why we have to add the ending with a soft vowel -тер (-ter)
Ит-тер (ıt-ter)
Иттер (ıtter) – dogs

The same rule for the next example
Сөздік (sózdik) - dictionary
The word Сөздік (sózdik) ends with the consonant к (k) and contains the soft vowel. That's why we have to add the ending with a soft vowel -тер (-ter)
Сөздік-тер (sózdik-ter)
Сөздіктер (sózdikter) - dictionaries

ҮЙ ЖҰМЫСЫ (Úı jumysy) - HOMEWORK
Үй (Úı) - home
Жұмыс (jumys) - work
Үй жұмысы (Úı jumysy) – homework

Please write down all these words and try to make the plural forms:
Алма (alma) – an apple
Есік (esik) – a door
Тау (taý) – a mountain
Үстел (ústel) – a table
Әже (áje) – a grandmother
Дәптер (dápter) – a copybook
Кітап (kitap) – a book
Көбелек (kóbelek) – a butterfly
Орындық (oryndyq) – a chair

Назарыңызға рақмет! Сау болыңыз!

[igat]

I finally managed to work on it more, and here is my homework - hopefully not many mistakes:



Алмалар (almalar) – apples
Есіктер (esikter) – doors
Таулар (taýlar) – mountains
Үстелдeр (ústelder) – tables
Әжелер (ájeler) – grandmothers
Дәптерлер (dápterler) – copybooks
Кітаптар (kitaptar) – books
Көбелектер (kóbelekter) – butterflies
Орындықтар (oryndyqtar) – chairs

[igat]

Hi, can you explain division of groups?
I - hard vowels
II - soft vowels
III - sonorants
IV - voiced consonants
V - unvoiced consonants and some voiced consonants

Do I have it right?