What are spinors? | Stephen Wolfram and Lex Fridman

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[ducksies]

Lex don't interrupt him, I wanna hear this man speak!

[theodorejackson]

Please pardon my amateurish question in advance. I'm aware of two spinor-like entities in the macroscopic world. A two-cycle engine, where two rotations are required for intake, compression, combustion, expansion and expellation to return to the original state in all respects. And a body spinning about two orthogonal axes - for example, a body that rotates twice about one axis, while rotating once about the other axis so as to return to the original state in all respects. Do either of those examples have any value as simplified models of a spinor - not unlike the drop and surface waves is to the wave/particle duality of quantum particles? In any way useful as a teaching tool?

[RainerNase-bq]

Instead of saying "you have to rotate something twice to bring it back to it's original state", You also could say: you rotate something once and the environment has changed. We look to the electron, but what is seen from the electron's perspective? Three phase electric current may give a hint.

[SpotterVideo]

The following proves Spinor Theory is correct.

Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules: "A theory that you can't explain to a bartender is probably no damn good." Ernest Rutherford

When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. (More spatial curvature). What if gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks. (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are actually a part of the quarks. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Force" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" make sense based on this concept. Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons.

Does an electron travel through space like a threaded nut traveling down a threaded rod, with each twist cycle proportional to Planck’s Constant? Does it wind up on one end, while unwinding on the other end? Is this related to the Higgs field? Does this help explain the strange ½ spin of many subatomic particles? Does the 720 degree rotation of a 1/2 spin particle require at least one extra dimension?

Alpha decay occurs when the two protons and two neutrons (which are bound together by entangled tubes), become un-entangled from the rest of the nucleons

. Beta decay occurs when the tube of a down quark/gluon in a neutron becomes overtwisted and breaks producing a twisted torus (neutrino) and an up quark, and the ejected electron. The phenomenon of Supercoiling involving twist and writhe cycles may reveal how overtwisted quarks can produce these new particles. The conversion of twists into writhes, and vice-versa, is an interesting process.

Gamma photons are produced when a tube unwinds producing electromagnetic waves.

[GEMSofGOD_com]

I want everything Wolfram Physics. More hypergraph explanations! I demand a long video!

[helifynoe]

OKAY, we first start off with the existence of a 4D environment known as SPACE-TIME. Within the 4D environment, a particle may spin. If the axis of that spin is merely a spatial axis, the particle will return to its original status after a 360 degree rotation. However, if the axis of the particles spin is not just a spatial axis, but instead the axis also extends across the dimension of time, it will require what appears to be two full rotations for it to return to its original status, when in fact it had experienced just one 4D rotation. However this single 4D rotation seems quite peculiar from a mere 3D point of observation.

[mandrewsvideos]

It must be fun to get to play with these ideas all day.

[beaconterraoneonline]

This is a good video to ask someone ... can anyone explain in the simplest terms what spin actually is relative to an electron or other particle. What is this exactly? Thanks.

[Alex]

The smartest kids in the world wears those button ups

[thomasolson]

Tangent half angle.

Only the tan(t/2) is a complex number. So, you gotta factor out the imaginary value. And since you are in hyperbolic space, the 'i' makes the denominator operator positive. And that's where I think double cover comes from.
x+i*y=tan(t/2)
I imagine the smith chart is a useful tool for spinors.

[Andrew-rcvh]

My old uni department had three lecture halls: Rutherford, Bragg and Mosely.

[Apolopy]

Thanks Lex for your Work, I am a Fan of your work from Paraguay

[sonarbangla]

Wolfram explaining what spinors are, shows how little we know and how Wolfram doesn't even know that much.

[sweardog]

Ahh... The 2:1 homomorphism between the rotation matrices SU(2) and SO(3)

[noahhutchison]

"the wave function of photons are vectors".. did he mean like the propagation vector k in an electromagnetic wave? And like for a wave packet (photon), the propagation vectors of those waves in the wave packet?

And then how on earth would a wave function of an electron be a spinor??

God this man makes me want to understand.. thanks for having him on Lex, such a fascinating guy, such fascinating work

Edit: Okay nevermind, this is strictly quantum mechanical terminology, I'm not quite there yet.. can't wait though, my goodness

[lucasargrew]

Wouldn't this mean that spinors just imitate binary? If you think of a half diameter line and rotate it around sphere turning it black and then white and oscillating between the two. That would imply a -1 after a full 360 rotation and would require another 360 to reset back to 1, or on. Or just think of it as field active, field disengaged. its a binary still.

[alexair]

I'm new here. Why is he in prison?

[RAHELLFM]

When I rotate 360⁰ my bank account gets to $ 0000, matter of fact all bank accounts have negative spin.

[simplyme]

I am grateful for your podcast, I am in the process of educating myself to fit in with others..
im not well text book educated a, , ,
This is a wonderful resource, A.I is sooo amazing to me ..Science was my very worst subject although as a smart mind is the most beautiful creation in my eyes how we use it is where it shines... Science shows through study to have the most glitter

[brechtbanneel]

This is very simple. A spinor needs one rotation for imprinting and one for measuring the refelection.