[Introduction to Linguistics] Word Order, Grammaticality, Word Classes

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In this video we look at word order in languages, grammaticality, prescriptive and descriptive grammar, as well as go over functional categories and lexical categories.

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#Linguistics #Syntax #Morphology #Phonetics #Phonology #Semantics #Language

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This guy is hilarious. Informative, too. I can't believe more people didn't continue from the first video.

arifvega

You sir are an angel. Thanks a ton for this series!

neelabhtiwari

Can you make some videos on morphology in depth please ? Not introduction to morphology but thoroughly detailed explanation. thanks for the incredible efforts you make to help others. ☺

theartist

No doubt, these videos are very helpful and highly informative and provide a strong basis for the study of syntax. I, personally have no words for such a contribution. I would request you please recommend certain books to study in detail these concepts presented in these videos. Thanks a lot.

gicnowsheravirkan

Your explanations are clear and easily understood so thank you very much for the hard work you put into it !

jade

I'm going to study linguistics this year, taking notes and practising in advance ^_^

mistyminnie

00:30 Umm.... "Long lived the king" :q
06:06 The problem with this approach, especially in English, is that the same word can belong to multiple categories at the same time, and switch the category depending on the grammatical context. For example: in "Drink the milk", "drink" is a verb, and "milk" is a noun. But in "Milk the cow", "milk" is a verb (to milk), and "cow" is a noun. And in "Give me a drink", the word "drink" is no longer a verb – now it is a noun :q So it seems that the lexical category of a word may depend on the granmmatical context, and it's really that grammatical context that classifies a word to a certain category. However, it's not that simple again, because one cannot use _any_ word whatsoever in _any_ position in a sentence. There seem to be some inherent rules in words that tell whether a word can be used as a noun, or as a verb, or as an adjective etc. and sometimes those rules cannot be bent. The problem is, I haven't seen any linguist so far who would figure it out. Most of them go no further than stating that "A noun is a word that can be used as a subject". Sure, that works, but it doesn't tell much WHY does it work for some words, and doesn't work for other.
06:45 But I can say "his quick dog" ;) Abd before you say "But it refers to the noun 'dog' in there" – well, then how about "the quick"? As in "The quick outpaced the fast" :) (substantive adjective)
07:40 Aren't determiners classified as a type of adjectives?

bonbonpony

Thank ou for this. Your explanations are easy to grasp because of how simply you explain.

thabisiledlamini

Quick can be used as a noun. It is the soft flesh behind the growing part of a fingernail or toenail.

brandongarver

His Jim. Her Jim. The Jim.
I'm only poking fun. English has too many rules. But you are doing a great job explaining them

writingishard

You are amazing. You teach better than my teachers👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻

Raad

It seems that all the word orders are possible in Sinhalese.

Look the example "James threw the ball" (I am not using the Sinhalese script here):

James visi kalaa bolaya - SVO
James bolaya visi kalaa - SOV
visi kalaa James bolaya - VSO
visi kalaa bolaya James - VOS
bolaya James visi kalaa - OSV
bolaya visi kalaa James - OVS

All these forms are valid. But I think SOV is more common in written Sinhalese.

I think this is a wonderful feature but in some rare situations where the nominative of both the subject and object does not inflect in the case that the object is in, this this can result in ambiguous understandings and maybe that's why SOV is more commonly used in writing.

i.e. : "bolaya" (the ball) in the example is in accusative case but it's the same word in both nominative and accusative cases.
So, we can't determine whether it's the subject or the object.

But, "James" is in nominative case. (It changes in other cases like "Jameswa" in accustive, "Jamesta" in dative etc.)
So, we know James is the subject here.

Please let me know if you know other languages like this!

imalkavindawickramasingha