769. Max Chunks To Make Sorted | Daily LeetCode Solution | Java #coding

The goal is to divide the array into the maximum number of chunks such that sorting each chunk individually will result in the whole array being sorted when concatenated.

Approach:
Observation:
For any index i, all numbers in the chunk [0, i] must belong to positions [0, i] in the sorted array.
Thus, if the maximum value encountered so far (maxSoFar) equals the current index i, a valid chunk is formed.

Steps:
Traverse the array while keeping track of the maximum value seen so far.
Each time maxSoFar equals the current index, increment the chunk count.

Code Explanation:
Variables:
chunks: Counts the number of valid chunks.
maxSoFar: Tracks the maximum value seen so far in the array.
Logic:
As you traverse the array, update maxSoFar to the maximum of its current value and the element at index i.
If maxSoFar == i, it means all elements up to this index can form a valid chunk.

Complexity Analysis:
Time Complexity: O(n)
A single traversal of the array.
Space Complexity: O(1)
Only constant extra space is used.

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