Important Coding Interview Problems | Data Structures | Maths, Strings and Arrays Coding Problems

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Math matters for computer science because it teaches students how to use abstract language, work with algorithms, self-analyze their computational thinking, and accurately model real-world solutions. To list down a few reasons as to why math is important in programming,
- Math teaches understanding and communication through abstract language
- Math teaches how to work with algorithms
- It teaches individuals how to analyse their work
- general skills aside, computer science still involves a lot of math.

What are the different types of math used in computer programming?

- Binary mathematics
- College algebra
- Calculus
- Statistics
- Discrete mathematics

What is String?
In computer programming, a string is traditionally a sequence of characters, either as a literal constant or as some kind of variable. The latter may allow its elements to be mutated and the length changed, or it may be fixed (after creation). A string is generally considered as a data type and is often implemented as an array data structure of bytes (or words) that stores a sequence of elements, typically characters, using some character encoding. String may also denote more general arrays or other sequence (or list) data types and structures.

What are String Matching Algorithms?
String Matching Algorithms or searching algorithms try to find places where one or several strings are found within a larger string. They are classified into different types such as naive string matching, kmp string matching, etc.

Naive string matching is the simplest form of string matching algorithm. It checks for all the main characters of the main string to the pattern. The time complexity of Naive Pattern Search method is O(m*n).KMP string matching checks the characters from left to right. The time complexity of KMP is O(n).

🔹What is an Array in Data Structure?

An array is a collection of items stored at contiguous memory locations. The idea is to store multiple items of the same type together. It is a set of homogeneous elements stored in contiguous memory locations.

🔹What are the types of Arrays in Data structures?
- Indexed Array
- Multidimensional Array
- Associative Array

🔹Time and Space Complexity of Array in Data Structure

The average time complexity of an Array Data Structure to access is O(1), to search, insert and delete is O(N). And the space complexity is O(1).

The following topics are covered in this tutorial:

0:00 - Introduction
0:04 - Maths for programming
45:15 - Problem on strings
1:10:31 - Problems on arrays
1:48:25 - Majority element problem

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