Understanding Autonomic Dysreflexia for Spinal Cord Injury Patients

📝 Autonomic Dysreflexia in Spinal Cord Injury Patients:

A potentially life-threatening condition that occurs in patients with spinal cord injuries at or above T6. It’s caused by an overactive autonomic nervous system response to stimuli below the injury.

📋 Common Triggers:

Bladder Issues: Full bladder, urinary retention, or a blocked catheter.
Bowel Issues: Constipation or bowel impaction.
Skin Problems: Pressure sores, tight clothing, or other irritations.
Other Triggers: Any noxious stimulus below the level of injury, such as ingrown toenails or fractures.

🚨 Symptoms to Watch For:

Severe Hypertension: Sudden spike in blood pressure, which can be life-threatening.
Pounding Headache: Often a first sign, severe and throbbing.
Bradycardia: A slower-than-normal heart rate.
Sweating Above the Injury: Profuse sweating, particularly on the face and neck.
Flushed Skin: Redness and warmth above the level of injury.
Visual Disturbances: Blurred vision or seeing spots.

💊 Immediate Actions:

Sit the Patient Up: This helps to lower blood pressure by allowing blood to pool in the lower extremities.
Remove the Trigger: Check for and address common causes like a full bladder, bowel impaction, or tight clothing.
Medications: If the blood pressure doesn’t decrease, administer antihypertensive medications as ordered.
Continuous Monitoring: Keep a close eye on blood pressure and symptoms until the episode is resolved.

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