True Facts: Frogs That Hide Their Blood

SHOULD BE INDEX OF REFRACTION NOT REFRACTORY INDEX!!!! SORRY!

Thanks to:

Dr Paul S. Hamilton, The Biodiversity Group
Dr Andrés Concha, Adolfo Ibañez University
Dr Carlos Taboada, Vanderbilt University
Dr Junjie Yao, Duke University
Dr John G. Capano, Brown University
J. Monge-Najera

Citations

Baer, A. & De Sena Oliveira, Ivo & Steinhagen, Max & Beck-Sickinger, Annette & Mayer, Georg. (2014). Slime protein profiling: a non-invasive tool for species identification in Onychophora (velvet worms). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 52. 265–272.

Baer A, Mayer G. Comparative anatomy of slime glands in onychophora (velvet worms). J Morphol. 2012 Oct;273(10):1079-88. doi: 10.1002/jmor.20044. Epub 2012 Jun 18. PMID: 22707384.

Baer A, Schmidt S, Haensch S, Eder M, Mayer G, Harrington MJ. Mechanoresponsive lipid-protein nanoglobules facilitate reversible fibre formation in velvet worm slime. Nat Commun. 2017 Oct 17;8(1):974. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-01142-x.

Bagge LE, Kinsey ST, Gladman J, Johnsen S. Transparent anemone shrimp (Ancylomenes pedersoni) become opaque after exercise and physiological stress in correlation with increased hemolymph perfusion. J Exp Biol. 2017 Nov 15;220(Pt 22):4225-4233. doi: 10.1242/jeb.162362.

Capano JG, Boback SM, Weller HI, Cieri RL, Zwemer CF, Brainerd EL. Modular lung ventilation in Boa constrictor. J Exp Biol. 2022 Mar 15;225(6):jeb243119. doi: 10.1242/jeb.243119.

Concha A, Mellado P, Morera-Brenes B, Sampaio Costa C, Mahadevan L, Monge-Nájera J. Oscillation of the velvet worm slime jet by passive hydrodynamic instability. Nat Commun. 2015 Mar 17;6:6292. doi: 10.1038/ncomms7292.

Müller M, de Sena Oliveira I, Allner S, Ferstl S, Bidola P, Mechlem K, Fehringer A, Hehn L, Dierolf M, Achterhold K, Gleich B, Hammel JU, Jahn H, Mayer G, Pfeiffer F. Myoanatomy of the velvet worm leg revealed by laboratory-based nanofocus X-ray source tomography. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Nov 21;114(47):12378-12383. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1710742114.

Pomerantz AF, Siddique RH, Cash EI, Kishi Y, Pinna C, Hammar K, Gomez D, Elias M, Patel NH. Developmental, cellular and biochemical basis of transparency in clearwing butterflies. J Exp Biol. 2021 May 15;224(10):jeb237917. doi: 10.1242/jeb.237917.

[floorpizza]

"Put on a blindfold, and try to miss... you'll still end up kicking a snake in the nuts." Completely lost it on that one, Ze, thank you for the well needed laugh.

[TheDrNinjaman]

"It stores the slime in the reservoir, which is French for reservoir" I laughed out loud at that one. Just a brilliant delivery.

[humourlessjester]

Really appreciate the citations. I always thought more educational content creators should do this to help students who watch them for a summary on their topics of interest.

[TimeBucks]

Always a pleasure watching your content.

[AlyxForest]

"The glass shark here which si almost impossible to see because it's b*llsh*t and I just made it up." This is why we all like ZeFrank so much.

[charlii]

Part of how snakes breathe despite swallowing something the size of their heads is the fact they don't have a fixed skull like we do. They have a "kinetic" skull that's held together with ligaments and allows them to move different segments of their jaw independently. Which further allows them to move around a breathing tube at the base of their mouth called a glottis.

If Clint from Clint's Reptiles ever sees this, thanks for the knowledge!

EDIT: typos

[thekanable]

Ze Frank, you have taught me so much I didn't even know I wanted to know. I've never thought about how a constrictor breathes while it's constricting but there you have it. 🤯

[shadowscribe]

"they've been evolving just as long as the rest of us, but at first glance might not look like they've been using that time all that effectively". This line made me smile. Brilliant way to put it.

[ethanpflederer]

I've always loved velvet worms. Thanks for covering them.

[Raye]

Spider-man's webs dissolved after a few hours, it's a plot point in multiple comics when spider-man impersonators use webbing that doesn't disappear over time.

[ChrizoPrime]

I'm going to be late for work now thanks!

[xTiessiemanx]

“Put on a blindfold and try to miss, you’d still kick a snake in the nuts” made laugh way harder than I should have

[bretthake]

Spidey's webs dissolve over time but it's different in different comic runs and movies. Usually breaks down in a few hours to a day

[MsRENO]

I can’t put how much these videos mean to me into words. I was having a crappy day and was in a very bad mood…. This video actually made me laugh and I am still smiling. I love Ze more and more with every new video he does…if I could, I would have him do a funny eulogy at my funeral party…..

[athatcher]

The glass shark is my new greatest fear, thank you, Frank.

[slwrabbits]

Re: anesthetized vs. sleeping - You can also see a difference in heart rate in snakes that "play dead". When they pretend to be dead, they drastically slow down their heart rate. You'll know when they're getting anesthetized because their heart rate will actually SPEED UP as they get sleepier. Quite cool!

[stringbean]

I loved the finished product, enjoyed seeing the development of the video

[Nu_Gundam]

Ok, look. The second you said "glass shark" I paused to try and see it. Since I couldn't make out immediately. I spent about 30 seconds to just under a minute trying to discern something. I could not. I went "dang, I've never heard of a glass shark before but that's wild how well it blends in" then I unpaused it and you immediately made me see that I was a fool. Well done.

[icebrg.]

A new Ze Frank video is like having an early Christmas every few months. It’s beautiful

[southernfriedwestcoaster]

I think you and Casual Geographic would be great friends. Y'all are both so funny and educational.