Epistemology - The study of Knowledge- How different can knowledge be (O'Grady 7.5)

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In philosophy Epistemology is the major branch for the study of knowledge itself. This video traces from the history of scepticism, to the strategies to defend against it and how they lead to more relativistic thinking and a change in philosophy. The video lightly covers two of the major battles modern, read as contemporary, philosophy of epistemology, foundationalism vs coherentism, internalism vs the externalism. The discussion is not super detailed and comprehension but offers a good general understanding over this otherwise massive field, particularly in term of discussing relativism as it is presented in philosopher Paul O’Grady’s book called relativism (2002), his chapter on Epistemology. In it he makes the case for how both relativism and its opposite, absolutism as he calls it, can be had on both sides of these battles, and so even if we went along with the relativistic ones , it need not be a radical relativism, where our knowledge could be radically different, nothing at all shared. The argument for what would be the shared isn’t covered in this video, it will be in the following one. AGAIN this video just offers why it need not be radically relative even if we went with an internalist, and coherentist position. So it is presented it here as fun entertaining video even if just for epistemology in a more general sense- for that, this video could be great! It also includes some, what I think is, harsh criticism for Rorty and Stich (relativists that seem to reduce the role of philosophy near to the point of elimination – according to O’Grady). Though that is just covered quickly.

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0:00 - What is Epistemology ?
3:16 - Background of my Journey
6:50 - Epistemology radical vs moderate
11:10 - Skepticism in epistemology
20:38 - Foundationalism vs Coherentism
29:54 - Externalism vs Internalism
38:00 - Richard Rorty and Stephen Stich criticism by O'Grady
43:15 - Moderate Epistemological Relativism fast
47:50 - Pragmatic A priori postion
50:49 - CONCLUSION

MUSIC:
I credited 'last heroes' in the video, but I didn't use them this time oh well...

Works Cited / Reference list
O’Grady, Paul. Relativism. McGill-Queens University Press, 2002.

Also check out
Edmund Gettier - for why JTB is insufficient
Edmund L. Gettier · "Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?" Analysis 23 (6):121-123 (1963)

And Peter Klien vs Carl Ginet battle, about Infinitism continued in the
Steup, Matthias, and Ernest Sosa. Contemporary Debates in Epistemology. Blackwell, 2005.
But the original Klein paper was
Klein, P. Human knowledge and the infinite regress of reasons. J. E. Tomberlin ed. Philosophical Perspectives, 13 Epistemology. Oxford, Blackwell. 1999.

PLEASE NOTE that O'Grady didn't have to discuss infinitism, to account for the reasons that lead some to radical relativism in Epistemology, which is namely coherentism. not infinitism.

I included it not to deprive some of a a new battle (at the time) of O'Grady, that was exciting. Please remember however

PHILOSOPHERS KEEP BATTLING.

#philosophy
#epistemology
#knowledge
#philosophybattle