5. Enzymes (Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610 for exams in 2023, 2024 and 2025) @IGCSEStudyBuddy

This video summarises what you need to know about topic 5. Enzymes from the Cambridge IGCSE syllabus of Paper Biology 0610, for exams in 2023,2024 and 2025.

00:00 Welcome
00:14 What is an enzyme?
01:09 Importance of enzymes
01:44 Enzyme Action
02:33 Specificity of enzymes
03:36 How enzymes work
04:24 Factors affecting enzyme activity
04:35 Temperature
07:56 pH

[_ZYZZ]

[00:00] Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up metabolic reactions in living organisms
- Metabolic reactions are constantly taking place in organisms to maintain their living state
- Enzymes are proteins that increase the rate of chemical reactions and are not changed by the reaction itself
- Enzymes have an active site that fits the substrate on which it acts
- Enzyme-substrate complex is formed temporarily when the enzyme combines with the substrate
- Enzymes are crucial to living organisms as they speed up metabolic reactions necessary to sustain life

[02:33] Enzymes work through a lock and key mechanism where the shape of the substrate must match the active site of the enzyme
- Enzymes and substrate molecules have complementary shapes
- Enzymes are specific and will only act on one substance
- Factors that affect enzyme activity include temperature and pH
- The rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction increases as temperature increases due to successful molecular collisions

[05:04] Enzymes have optimal temperatures for activity, but high temperatures can denature them
- Different enzymes have different optimal temperatures
- Denaturation occurs when high temperatures break the bonds in enzymes, changing their shape
- Enzymes have a specific active site shape that fits a specific substrate shape
- A change in the active site shape due to denaturation will cause the enzyme to stop working
- Low temperatures result in low enzyme activity, but do not denature enzymes
- Enzyme activity increases with temperature up to an optimum temperature
- Beyond the optimum temperature, enzyme activity decreases again due to denaturation

[07:36] Enzymes function as biological catalysts with optimum temperature and pH
- Most enzymes work best at 37 degrees Celsius in the human body
- Enzymes have an optimum pH, and deviation from it can cause denaturation
- The rate of reaction is highest at pH 8 for some enzymes
- Different enzymes have different optimum pH, e.g., pepsin works best at pH 2, while amylase works best at pH 7

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[minecraftlovaaa]

enzymes are biological catalysts (increases rate of chemical reaction and remains unchanged). enzymes are proteins that speed up rate of reactions. we can use enzymes anytime since they dont get used up in reactions. 1:22

without digestive enzymes animals wouldn’t be able to break down food molecules in order to survive.

enzyme has shape called active site. (where it acts)
substrate is specific to its active site

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