Software Testing Tutorial #41 - What is Defect in Software Testing

In this Software Testing Tutorial, we will learn about what is defect in software testing. Defects are also known as bugs and used interchangeably in any software development project. There is very minor difference between defect and bug which I will explain in further tutorials, however, in actual software testing projects you will find people using defects and bugs interchangeably and both refer to same thing.

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**Notes: What is a Defect in Software Testing - Software Testing Tutorial #41**

**Defects vs. Bugs:**
- "Defects" and "bugs" are often used interchangeably.
- In practical scenarios, the distinction between them is rarely made.
- For this tutorial, consider them to be the same.

**Understanding Defects:**
- In software testing, defects or bugs occur when actual results deviate from expected results.
- This deviation indicates a flaw in the software.
- Testers identify defects during the testing phase.

**Example:**
- Consider testing a login functionality on an e-commerce website.
- The expected result is redirection to the dashboard page upon successful login.
- If the login screen refreshes without redirection, it's a defect.

**Defects Across the Software Testing Life Cycle:**
- Defects can be identified at various stages of the software testing life cycle.
- These stages include functional testing, acceptance testing, and even post-production deployment when customers report issues.
- All deviations from expected behavior are considered defects.

**Key Defect Metrics:**
1. **Critical Defect Percentage:**
- Calculates the percentage of critical defects in relation to the total number of defects.
- Critical defects have a severe negative impact on business or software functionality.

2. **Defect Rejection Ratio:**
- Considers the number of defects rejected by the development team.
- Rejected defects are those not code-related but due to testing conditions.

3. **Defect Leakage Ratio:**
- Measures defects discovered after software deployment in the production environment.
- Compares production defects to the total defects detected during testing.

**Importance of Defect Metrics:**
- Defect metrics, especially defect rejection and leakage ratios, assess testing effectiveness.
- Lower ratios indicate early issue detection and fewer defects escaping to production.

**Conclusion:**
- Defects in software testing result from deviations in actual and expected results.
- They are identified throughout the software development life cycle.
- Tracking defect metrics assesses testing quality and software reliability.