Namespace in python with examples

certainly! in python, a **namespace** is a container that holds a set of identifiers (names) and their corresponding objects. namespaces ensure that names are unique and can be used without conflict. python has several types of namespaces, including the built-in namespace, global namespace, and local namespace.

### types of namespaces

1. **built-in namespace**: this is created when the python interpreter starts and contains built-in functions and exceptions (e.g., `len()`, `print()`, etc.).

2. **global namespace**: this namespace is created when a module is included and lasts until the module is terminated. variables defined at the top level of a module belong to the global namespace.

3. **local namespace**: this namespace is created when a function is called and contains the variables defined within that function. it lasts until the function returns.

4. **enclosing namespace**: this is a special case of a local namespace that occurs in nested functions. it refers to the namespace of the enclosing function.

### example of namespaces in python

let's look at an example that illustrates these concepts.

### explanation of the example

- **global namespace**: the variable `x` is defined in the global scope and can be accessed from anywhere in the module.

- **enclosing namespace**: the variable `y` is defined within `outer_function()`, making it accessible to `inner_function()` as well. however, it cannot be accessed outside of `outer_function()`.

- **local namespace**: the variable `z` is defined within `inner_function()`. this variable is only accessible within `inner_function()` and cannot be accessed from `outer_function()` or the global scope.

### accessing namespaces

you can access the different namespaces through python's built-in functions:

- `globals()`: returns a dictionary representing the current global symbol table.
- `locals()`: returns a dictionary representing the current local symbol table.
- `vars()`: returns the `__dict__` attribute of ...

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