java test harness

a java test harness is a set of tools and frameworks that allow developers to create and execute tests for their java applications. it facilitates the automation of testing processes, making it easier to validate code functionality, performance, and reliability. in this tutorial, we’ll go over the key components of a java test harness and provide a simple example using junit, a popular testing framework in java.

### key components of a java test harness

1. **test framework**: a library that provides the necessary tools to create and run tests. junit is the most widely used framework in java.

2. **test runner**: a component that executes the test cases and reports the results. junit’s `junitcore` class serves this purpose.

3. **assertions**: a set of methods to validate the expected outcomes of tests. assertions help verify that the actual results match the expected results.

4. **test fixtures**: a fixed state of a set of objects used as a baseline for running tests. this often includes setting up test data before tests run and cleaning up afterward.

5. **test cases**: individual tests that check specific functionality. a test case typically consists of a setup phase, execution phase, and verification phase.

### setting up a java test harness with junit

**step 1: setting up your environment**
make sure you have java and maven (or gradle) installed. you can use any ide like intellij idea, eclipse, or netbeans.

**step 2: create a maven project**

**step 3: create a sample java class**
let’s create a simple java class that we want to test. for example, a class that performs basic arithmetic operations:

**step 4: create test cases**
next, create test cases for the `calculator` class. create a new test class:

### explanation of the test code

2. **assertions**: the `assertequals` method check ...

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