Visualizing the Proton

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The proton has almost universally been visualized as a billiard ball with quark and gluon billiard ball constituents. Yet, we now know that this visualization is entirely wrong. Quarks and gluons can spin, have linear and circular motion, and can appear and disappear. How can this complex and seemingly “impossible” world be visualized? To answer this question, artists and scientists have collaborated to depict the subatomic world in a new way with an innovative animation that conveys the current understanding of the structure of the proton in terms of its fundamental constituents. This explanatory video created by MIT Professor Richard Milner and physicist Rolf Ent at Jefferson Lab provides an overview of the project and the physics behind it, presenting the animations that have resulted from the collaboration.

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The Visualizing the Proton Project is presented by the MIT Center for Art, Science & Technology and Jefferson Lab.

The MIT Center for Art, Science & Technology (CAST) creates new opportunities for art, science and technology to thrive as interrelated, mutually informing modes of exploration, knowledge and discovery. CAST’s multidisciplinary platform presents performing and visual arts programs, supports research projects for artists working with science and engineering labs, and sponsors symposia, classes, workshops, design studios, lectures and publications.

The Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, or Jefferson Lab, is managed and operated for the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC.

DOE’s Office of Science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time.

© MIT, 2021, All Rights Reserved© Jefferson Lab, 2021, All Rights Reserved
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Really wonderful animations! I found the presentation a bit confusing -- the order of information was a bit strange, and basic concepts were explained with unnecessary analogy while familiarity with more complicated ideas was assumed. However, the animations at the end were worth it. Absolutely gorgeous! I love how the three primary quarks emerge out of the quark sea

aproductions

@ 13:20 is the best part for us non-doctorates

cole

“EMC data can be explained by a universal modification of the structure of nucleons in neutron–proton SRC pairs and present a data-driven extraction of the corresponding universal modification function. This implies that in heavier nuclei with many more neutrons than protons, each proton is more likely than each neutron to belong to an SRC pair and hence to have distorted quark structure. This universal modification function will be useful for determining the structure of the free neutron and thereby testing quantum chromodynamics symmetry-breaking mechanisms and may help to discriminate between nuclear physics effects and beyond-the-standard-model effects in neutrino experiments.”

saadabbas

What's amazing is that these structures cohere over billions or possibly trillions of years.

OBGynKenobi

This is an excellent project. Is there a way to be notified of project updates without subscribing to the entire MIT arts channel?

WilliamDye-willdye

In the words of Dr. Emit Latrop Brown: "Woah! Heavy!"

jercos

Absolutely amazing!

How far into the future will it be till we are able to peer with high resolution into the world of the infinitely small?

In any case, extremely impressive!

mutalix

As I pick up the pieces of my brain up off the floor; because my mind is wonderfully blown, I am wondering how this can be imagined to interact during the viral infection of human cells. It seems to be a factor of objects that are 100, 000 different in scale. The cell being 100, 00 times bigger than the virus. Can that be so? Can this be made into a visual graphic representation so that Mr. Novak Djokovic can understand how vaccines vs mosquito inoculations work? Also; There is a massive comprising piece of nature that this video explanation omits but I'm not qualified to express that.

clavo

This was wonderful! Thanks!

Whom should I contact for follow-up?

erebology

Does the following quantum model agree with the Spinor Theory of Roger Penrose?

Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules: "A theory that you can't explain to a bartender is probably no damn good." Ernest Rutherford

When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. (More spatial curvature). What if gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks. (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are actually a part of the quarks. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Force" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" make sense based on this concept. Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons.

Does an electron travel through space like a threaded nut traveling down a threaded rod, with each twist cycle proportional to Planck’s Constant? Does it wind up on one end, while unwinding on the other end? Is this related to the Higgs field? Does this help explain the strange ½ spin of many subatomic particles? Does the 720 degree rotation of a 1/2 spin particle require at least one extra dimension?

Alpha decay occurs when the two protons and two neutrons (which are bound together by entangled tubes), become un-entangled from the rest of the nucleons

. Beta decay occurs when the tube of a down quark/gluon in a neutron becomes overtwisted and breaks producing a twisted torus (neutrino) and an up quark, and the ejected electron. The phenomenon of Supercoiling involving twist and writhe cycles may reveal how overtwisted quarks can produce these new particles. The conversion of twists into writhes, and vice-versa, is an interesting process.

Gamma photons are produced when a tube unwinds producing electromagnetic waves.

Within this model a black hole could represent a quantum of gravity, because it is one cycle of spatial gravitational curvature. Therefore, instead of a graviton being a subatomic particle it could be considered to be a black hole. The overall gravitational attraction would be caused by a very tiny curvature imbalance within atoms.

In this model Alpha equals the compactification ratio within the twistor cone. 1/137

1= Hypertubule diameter at 4D interface
137= Cone’s larger end diameter at 3D interface

A Hypertubule gets longer or shorter as twisting occurs. 720 degrees per twist cycle.

How many neutrinos are left over from the Big Bang? They have a small mass, but they could be very large in number. Could this help explain Dark Matter?

SpotterVideo

I am a little confused about any of this. Mass has two properties. It has inertia and it causes space to distort. Can these simulations quantify either of these properties?

quantumdonut

1:26 suggests it's a living creature that moves it's arm & possibly can make it's limbs light up.

FirstComments

1) 13:55 what does the X=0.0001, x=0.01 mean? Is it a zoom in ?
2)14:34 what does the scale means (from Q2 1→400) does it show a slide of sphere/proton?
Anyone get it?

ytrew

Well done. Simplified but not dumbed down.

davidhardiman

14:45 Because of Terrell (pseudo-)rotation, there would be no appearance of flattening. This is a common, and strangely _persistent_ visualization-error when extending relativistic contraction of one- and two- dimensional objects aligned with the motion-vector, to spherical objects or (in this case) a spherically arranged assembly of objects.

-danR