The Basic of Blade Aerodynamic

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What is aerodynamic pressure? Why understanding aerodynamic pressure is critical in blade design? How to design the aerodynamic of a wind turbine blade? How the aerodynamic pressure causes the blade to rotate?

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Fundamental of Blade Design (PART 1): The Basic of Blade Aerodynamic

As an example, the 2.5-megawatt wind turbine has a blade diameter of 100-m covering the area of one football field. Its tower stands as high as a city skyscraper. It has very slim and long blades. I always wonder about the massive size of this blade.

Why is it designed this way? We are going to answer these fundamental questions here.

In this video, I will present the most essential component of a wind turbine, which is its blade. First I will share the fundamental of blade design. This will be followed by the derivation of the Torque equation. After that, I will demonstrate the modeling of the blade using CAD software, and then I will show you the blade development using 3D printing technology. Lastly, I will demonstrate the testing of the blades. At the end of this video, I will share our future works. And how we can apply our Balinese local Wisdom in kite making for the high-tech wind turbine technology application.

As we know, a wind turbine converts wind kinetic energy into electrical energy. In this case, the blade interfaces the wind kinetic energy and the turbine electrical energy. The kinetic energy of the wind is converted into mechanical energy in the form of blade rotation or blade rpm. The blade rotation turns the rotor of the generator. There are strong permanent magnets attached to this rotor. So the rotor turns the permanent magnet around the coil or conductor of the generator. This action will generate electricity. Note that, faster magnet rotation will produce greater electricity. Hence, faster blade rpm will lead to a higher generation of electricity. So, designing an efficient blade that can convert the wind kinetic energy into rpm is the key to electricity generation with the wind turbines.

There are fundamental physics that we need to understand to design an efficient blade. First is the concept of aerodynamic pressure, which is the faster wind speed in certain surface areas, resulting in lower aerodynamic pressure. As an illustration, the aerodynamic of the airplane’s wing is used as an example. The wing of the airplane split the wind flow into two parts: one that flows above the surface of the wing (A) and one that flows below the surface of the wing (B). A is faster than B, as the result, the aerodynamic pressure above the surface of the wing is lower. This difference in aerodynamic pressure pushes the airplane upward, so it will fly. Similarly, by designing the aerodynamic of the blade to have a similar profile to an airplane wing during take-off, an incoming wind will also be split into two parts. The wind flows through the front part of the blade (lower speed) and wind flow through the back part of the blade (higher speed). So the aerodynamic pressure at the back-side of the blade is lower. This difference in aerodynamic pressure causes the blade to rotate.