Australian Defence Force Academy (ADFA)

Australian Defence Force Academy (ADFA)

The Australian Defence Force Academy (ADFA) is a tri-service military Academy that provides military and academic education for junior officers of the Australian Defence Force in the Royal Australian Navy (RAN), Australian Army and Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). In 2016 the Academy began accepting civilian students in its undergraduate courses.

Tertiary education is provided by the University of New South Wales' Canberra campus, known as UNSW Canberra at ADFA, which is the awarding body for ADFA qualifications. Apart from educating future leaders of the Australian Defence Force, UNSW Canberra also provides postgraduate programs and short courses both to Department of Defence personnel and the general public.

The stated purpose of ADFA is "to serve Australia by providing the Australian Defence Force (ADF) with tertiary graduates who have the attributes, intellect and skills required of an officer".

ADFA is located in the suburb of Campbell, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, near the Australian Government district of Russell. It is situated next to Mount Pleasant, which gives some parts of ADFA a view over the rest of Canberra. ADFA is also adjacent to the Australian Army military academy, the Royal Military College, Duntroon.

Junior officers who attend the Australian Defence Force Academy hold the rank of Midshipman (MIDN) in the Royal Australian Navy, Officer Cadet (OCDT) in the Australian Army or Officer Cadet (OFFCDT) in the Royal Australian Air Force.

Establishment
After World War II, each of the three Armed Services adopted, as policy, that the educational standards should be raised for officers in training.

In 1967 an agreement was reached between the Department of Defence and the University of New South Wales, under which they would co-operate to develop the Royal Military College (RMC) into a degree-level institution. To that end, the University established the Faculty of Military Studies at RMC to conduct courses leading to the award of the University's degrees in arts, science and engineering.

Also in 1967, the University of New South Wales entered into an association with the RAN College enabling it to present approved courses. Subsequently, first year courses for certain University programs in arts, science and engineering were introduced. Successful cadets were sponsored by the Navy to complete bachelor's degrees on the University's campus.

Concurrent with the developments at the RAN College and RMC, from 1967 to 1970, Sir Leslie H. Martin chaired the Commonwealth Government's Tertiary Education (Services' Cadet Colleges) Committee into the feasibility of setting up a college for the joint education of officer cadets of the three Armed Services.

Investigations on a wider scale followed with the result that in 1974 the Commonwealth Government announced its intention of establishing a single tertiary institution for the Defence Force. In 1977 the government formally established the Australian Defence Force Academy as a Joint Service Unit under Section 32c of the Defence Act 1903. The Chief of the Defence Force, Air Chief Marshal Sir Neville McNamara, simultaneously announced the appointment of Rear Admiral Peter Sinclair, Royal Australian Navy as the Commandant. Construction began on the site in 1981. In February 1984 the University of New South Wales announced the appointment of Professor G.V.H. Wilson as Rector of the University College. In September 1985 the Interim Academy Council ceased its functions and the Australian Defence Force Academy Council held its inaugural meeting under the Chairmanship of Sir Edward Woodward.

In 1986 ADFA opened and began providing military and tertiary academic education for Midshipmen and Officer Cadets. In late 2003 the Australian Department of Defence entered into another agreement with the University of New South Wales for the operation of University College at ADFA.

In 2015 a $98 million redevelopment was completed.

Open day
ADFA has a yearly open day with displays of military hardware, demonstrations and flypasts.

[nobodyrissole]

*Titanium Armour*

Firstly, titanium armour plates can be spaced apart to increase the effectiveness at stopping bullets. And spacing the titanium sheets apart creates a cushion that slows the bullet before the titanium is penetrated. For example, a titanium shield can have a thin 1.2mm sheet of titanium over the front of the main shield plate. This 1.2mm sheet can have spacer lugs welded to it. Furthermore, a bullets force will be reduced on impact with a space of 1 centimetre inbetween two titanium sheets. And a 1.2mm sheet of titanium in front of the main shield plate would do this. Lastly, this titanium spaced armour has actually been demonstrated and tested to be effective on the American demolition ranches.

Table#1 Types of Shields

*Titanium backpack buckler*
-40cm in diameter
-4mm thick titanium
-Weight 2.5kg including handle
-If the 4mm of titanium is a high tensile strength and spaced correctly you will be able to stop 7.62 NATO and 50cal magnum rounds with this buckler.

*Steel backpack buckler*
-40cm in diameter
-3.5mm thick steel
-Weight 3.7kg including handle
-If the 3.5mm of steel is a high tensile strength and spaced correctly you will be able to stop 5.56 NATO and 45cal magnum rounds with this buckler.

*Titanium Tower Shield*
-100cm×70cm in Area
-3mm thick titanium
-Weight 10kg including handle
-If the 3mm of titanium is a high tensile strength and spaced correctly you will be able to stop 45cal magnum rounds and 5.56 NATO with this shield.

*Titanium Shield*
-50cm×70cm in Area
-3mm thick titanium
-Weight 5kg including handle
-If the 3mm of titanium is a high tensile strength and spaced correctly you will be able to stop 45cal magnum rounds and 5.56 NATO with this shield.

*Aluminium Shield*
-50cm×70cm in Area
-10mm thick Aluminium
-Weight 10kg including handle
-The tensile strength of aluminium varies a lot between regular aluminium and the 7000 series of aluminium. And that means you can make this shield just as effective as titanium.

*Steel Shield*
-50cm×70cm in Area
-3.5mm thick steel
-Weight 10kg including handle
-If the 3.5mm of steel is a high tensile strength and spaced correctly you will be able to stop 45cal magnum rounds and 5.56 NATO with this shield.

Next, the perfect thickness for bullet proof brigandine plates is 3.0mm or 4mm titanium. And you just try and find the highest tensile strength titanium you can and just use that thickness. In addition, I have also decided that if you get a 1mm thick aluminium face size plate you can shape it in to a horror face and then bolt it to your titanium helmet. As a result, you can have a full set of bullet proof brigandine armour with a horror face helmet. That is going to be terrifying with swords and bowling ball cannons. Finally, if your metal tensile strength is high enough you will be able to deflect or even completely proof yourself against 7.62 NATO bullets.

Next, you can use duct tape to assemble your brigandine armour plates. You can create a complete suit of brigandine that goes over the top of your jumper and jeans with duct tape. Furthermore, duct tape allows you to add bullet proof plates to all areas of your body. you can make any shape you like including the helmet without the requirement to weld or fabricate the metal. It looks like storm trooper armour when you are done. In addition, you can also keep just duct tape on a box of plates in your cupboard and nobody will suspect it is an armoured suit.

Next, a very effective idea to compliment bullet proof shields is a chain saw. This is going to be effective if your able to use a chainsaw with one hand. However, you can create a more effective chainsaw by simply building a strong pole chainsaw with a shield attached to it. For example, the total weight of the pole saw is 15-20 kilograms. This includes the weight of the shield. Furthermore, you attach the shield to the pole saw so that when your pointing the pole the shield is protecting you. Therefore, I think the best shape shield to attach to your pole saw is a round or oval shaped shield that fits through doorways.

Table #2 Use of Formulas

s = tensile strength in pascals (Pa)
F = force in newtons (N)
A = cross-sectional area in (m²)
m = bullet grain mass (kg)
a = acceleration of bullet (m/s²)
t = time of impact (seconds)
v = velocity (m/s)

*(m(v/t=a)=F)/s=A*

9mm bullet Force = (m(v/t=a)=F)
v/t=a
(430m/s)/(0.0024s)=179, 167m/s²
ma=F
(0.0075kg)(179, 167)=1344N

Aluminium tensile strength = 240MPa =

F/s=A


5.6e-6m² = = 0.056cm² = 5.6mm²

Therefore, a 115 grain 9mm bullet traveling at 430m/s requires 5.6mm² of 240MPa Aluminium to block it.

Next, to penetrate armour on angles you can use Pythagoras Theorem a²+b²=c². You will also need to use cos, tan and sin formulas if you require more angles. For example, if you have the bullet strike a 10mm plate at a 27° angle. You can do (10tan27 = 5) and then (10mm²+5mm²= (√125) = 11.2mm²). Therefore, on an angel of 27° the bullet must travel through 11.2mm of metal. Furthermore, on an angle of 27° the force of the bullet would also be reduced by around 27%. Therefore, their is a high chance that the bullet will glance or deflect off a shield on a 27° angle. So angles just make your armour stronger.

Reference: