Primary Lens Luxation (PLL)

Primary lens luxation refers to the lens being in an abnormal place in the eye. Download our free health checklist:

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Clinical signs are generally not seen until the dog reaches adulthood. Secondary lens luxation is not inherited and is seen secondary to another disease. In breeds in the terrier group, PLL is linked with degeneration of the zonules, or the ligaments responsible for holding the lens behind the iris and in front of the vitreous. PLL signs in the fox terrier include sudden onset pain, redness and cloudiness of the cornea, with onset in middle age.  The lens can be partially or fully displaced, either into the front chamber of the eye or back chamber. Front displacement causes acute glaucoma, whereas back displacement causes a blockage of fluid drainage leading to secondary glaucoma. Both can rapidly lead to blindness, and as a result, PLL is a veterinary emergency.

Diagnosis is by ophthalmological examination and ultrasound. Treatment is focused on reducing fluid pressure and preserving vision before removing the lens. Removal of blind eyes can be used to treat pain. 

Although the disease is treated as recessive, some carriers can develop PLL.

Mode of Inheritance:
Autosomal Recessive with incomplete Penetrance

Commonly Affected Breeds:
American Eskimo Dog, American Hairless (Rat) Terrier, Australian Cattle Dog, Australian Kelpie, Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog, Australian Terrier, Border Collie, Bull Terrier, Chinese Crested, Harlequin Pinscher, Irish Terrier, Jack Russell Terrier, Jagd Terrier, Koolie, Lakeland Terrier, Lancashire Heeler, Miniature Bull Terrier, Miniature Fox Terrier, Parson Russell Terrier, Rat Terrier, Sealyham Terrier, Tenterfield Terrier, Tibetan Terrier, Volpino Italiano, Welsh Terrier.