Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Few-Layer Graphene: An Introduction to Graphene Research

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Electronic interactions can have unexpected effects in even the simplest of materials. See what happens in few-layer graphene.

References:
1. Geim, A. K. & Novoselov, K. S. The rise of graphene. arXiv:cond-mat/0702595 (2007).
2. Peres, N. M. R. & Ribeiro, R. M. FOCUS ON GRAPHENE. New J. Phys. 11, 095002 (2009).
3. Fetter, A. L. & Walecka, J. D. Quantum theory of many-particle systems. (Dover Publications, 2003).
4. Ashcroft, N. W. & Mermin, N. D. Solid state physics. (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1976).
5. Wallace, P. R. The Band Theory of Graphite. Phys. Rev. 71, 622–634 (1947).
6. Castro Neto, A. H., Guinea, F., Peres, N. M. R., Novoselov, K. S. & Geim, A. K. The electronic properties of graphene. Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 109–162 (2009).
7. Schwartz, M. D. Quantum field theory and the standard model. (Cambridge University Press, 2014).
8. Koshino, M. & Ando, T. Orbital diamagnetism in multilayer graphenes: Systematic study with the effective mass approximation. Phys. Rev. B 76, 085425 (2007).
9. Yagi, R. et al. Low-energy band structure and even-odd layer number effect in AB-stacked multilayer graphene. Sci Rep 8, 13018 (2018).
10. McCann, E. & Fal’ko, V. I. Landau-Level Degeneracy and Quantum Hall Effect in a Graphite Bilayer. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 086805 (2006).
11. Nam, Y., Ki, D.-K., Soler-Delgado, D. & Morpurgo, A. F. A family of finite-temperature electronic phase transitions in graphene multilayers. Science 362, 324–328 (2018).
12. Nam, Y., Ki, D.-K., Koshino, M., McCann, E. & Morpurgo, A. F. Interaction-induced insulating state in thick multilayer graphene. 2D Mater. 3, 045014 (2016).
13. Vafek, O. & Yang, K. Many-body instability of Coulomb interacting bilayer graphene: Renormalization group approach. Phys. Rev. B 81, 041401 (2010).
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16. Wang, E. et al. Gaps induced by inversion symmetry breaking and second-generation Dirac cones in graphene/hexagonal boron nitride. Nature Phys 12, 1111–1115 (2016).
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Great video! As a graphene researcher, I would say this provides an intriguing aspect for layman! Also in the field today, this even-odd effect is more pronouced as few groups found the Bernal stacked graphene exhbits also flatbands, superconductors... which previously is only found in twist graphene systems. Welcome all to join the graphene research for fantastic observations!

haochen
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I have never been so pleased by a VTuber Physicist. Then again, you are the first one I've seen. Great content mate

lourdestorres
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Thank you so much for helping me understand a lil bit of BLG QDs...

田元岸
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I'm showing this to all of my students, thank you so much

bobross
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Yo I just found this channel and it's really cool! Condensed matter physics explained by a VTuber is exactly what I needed in my life :D
Joined the Discord, can't wait to chat there!

ericvilas
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Nice to see your video after a long time. Your videos are awesome. Please do upload such videos on a regular basis.

Montu
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Good to see catboi physicist back! Nice content as usual ^_^

m_obispo
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typically, many people probablay say they understand material better from youtube because its the second time they get exposed to it, the first time being in class. However, i must say that i can use your videos to either step ahead of course work or touch on stuff and take informed research steps for projects in our working group in order to keep up with people ahead of me in their studies.

To sum up, gj on your explanations, probably simple enough for even laymen to grasp the basics and for students like me to recap and get a boost in studying speed. Thank you!

bobfake
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Thanks for the great video! But can you explain why bilayer graphene should have a gap opening like TMD? I don't understand because graphene has the same sublattice, unlike TMD which could give different potentials on each sublattice.

juyeongjeong
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thanks for the detailed explanation. I`m still processing, for many piece of info I have to rewind and listen over and over, but at least I start getting the full picture, magic graphene

maurizioibba
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As soon as you said coulomb force I got "no game no life" flashbacks.
😎

alexanderx
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This is why more introductory textbooks need to talk about electron-electron interactions outside of the Hartree approximation

fermiLiquidDrinker
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At 8:00 min of the video, you mentioned that if inversion symmetry is broken, the band structure at the k and k' point will no longer look similar. But next you showed that breaking inversion symmetry in graphene using two different potentials at two different sublattices of graphene leads to a band gap opening, And the band structure you showed is similar at both k and k' points. So, i am a bit confused at that point.

puspitaparui
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@9:00 i still don't get how you get a gapless band structure even after adding a mass term for a mono-layer graphene?

satyamjha_
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At 8:25, this is attributed to Haldane, who showed that graphene respect time-reversal symmetry, but topological features cannot be extracted until you break this time reversal symmetry (By distinguishing these two sets of triangular atoms). One can also also add a magnetic field to break this time-reversal symmetry as well.

ianyap
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My quantum condensed matter lecturer is really boring to watch I'm so glad of all the topics to have explained to me by a catboy it's this

Yolko
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i am an idiot so i didn't understand anything, but hey an anime catboi talking about physics is cool.
no jokes keep up the good work ^_^

anasahmed
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wtf did u call Schrödinger? skreudinjer? OMEGALUL

weldous