Heating Effect of Electric Current Class 10

Heating Effect of Electric Current: Joule's Law of Heating

The heating effect of electric current is the phenomenon where electric energy is converted into heat when an electric current passes through a conductor. This effect is described by Joule's law of heating, named after the English physicist James Prescott Joule, who first formulated it.

Joule's law of heating states that the heat produced in a conductor is directly proportional to the square of the current passing through it, the resistance of the conductor, and the time for which the current flows. Mathematically, it can be expressed as:

H = I^2 R t

Where:
H is the heat produced (measured in joules),
I is the current flowing through the conductor (measured in amperes),
R is the resistance of the conductor (measured in ohms), and
t is the time for which the current flows (measured in seconds).

This law highlights that the amount of heat produced is proportional to the square of the current. Therefore, doubling the current will result in four times as much heat produced, and so on. Similarly, the resistance of the conductor and the duration of the current flow also play significant roles in determining the amount of heat generated. The law is fundamental in understanding and designing electrical devices where the control and management of heat are important considerations, such as in the case of electric heaters, toasters, and other appliances.

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