What is Federalism? | Differences between federal and unitary government| Class X ( in English)

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Point covered in this video-
What is Federalism?
What is a unitary system of government?
What are the differences between the federal system of government and the unitary system of government?

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Federal Government-
In a federal government, the powers of administration are divided between the central government and state governments. the Central government can not order the state government to do something. The state government has the power of its own for which it is not answerable to the central government. Both the governments are separately answerable to the people of the country.
Federalism has two or more levels of government. Pakistan, India, Brazil, Switzerland, Australia, Belgium, Canada, etc., are significant examples of the federal government.

Unitary Government-
A unitary government is a kind of government system in which all powers lies at the central government and sub-units are subordinated to the central government. The central government can pass on the order to regional or local government.
UK, Afghanistan, Italy, China, Saudi Arabia, Spain, etc., are important examples of the unitary government.

Key differences between federal and unitary Government-
1. A dual government system-
Under the federal system, we have two governments Central government and regional government.
But under, unitary government, there would be a single government and if there are states governments, they would be subordinate to the central government.
2. Compulsory written Constitution-
Under the federal system, there is a clear written constitution.
Whereas a unitary government **may or may not have a written constitution**. For example, England and France are unitary states. France has a written constitution but England has none.
3. Division of Power-
In a federal government, there is a clear Division of Power between the Centre and the states governments. However, in the case of Unitary System Powers of administration are concentrated in the Central government.
4. Rigid constitution
In a federal form of government, the Amendment in the constitution is difficult to make. But under a unitary form of government **constitution is flexible.
5. Independent Judiciary system
Under the Federal system, Judiciary is Independent and supreme but in case of a unitary system, the Judiciary system may or may not be independent.