python tutorial 39 custom exceptions in python programming

certainly! in python, custom exceptions allow you to create your own error types that can be raised and caught in your application. this is useful for providing more informative error messages and handling specific error conditions in a more controlled way.

tutorial 39: custom exceptions in python

what are exceptions?

exceptions are events that disrupt the normal flow of a program. they can occur due to various reasons such as invalid input, file errors, network issues, etc. python provides a rich set of built-in exceptions, but sometimes you need to create your own to handle specific scenarios relevant to your application.

why use custom exceptions?

1. **clarity**: custom exceptions can make your code more readable and understandable.
2. **specificity**: they allow you to handle specific error conditions separately from general exceptions.
3. **control**: they offer better control over error handling in your application.

how to create a custom exception

creating a custom exception in python is straightforward. you simply need to define a new class that inherits from the built-in `exception` class.

here's the basic syntax:

```python
class customexception(exception):
pass
```

example: custom exception for a banking application

let’s create a simple banking application that raises a custom exception when a user tries to withdraw more money than they have in their account.

step 1: define the custom exception

```python
class insufficientfundsexception(exception):
def __init__(self, balance, amount):
```

step 2: create a bank account class

```python
class bankaccount:
def __init__(self, balance=0):

def deposit(self, amount):
if amount 0:
print(f"dep ...

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