Learn About Brain | Forebrain | Thalamus | Hypothalamus

The brain
There are more than a thousand million neurons in the adult human brain. An estimate shows that the cerebral cortex alone has about 10 raise to 2783000
synapses. Thus the brain is a complex organ.

On structural and functional basis the brain can be divided into 3
regions. They are (1). Fore brain, (2). Midbrain, (3). Hind brain.

Fore Brain (Prosencephalon) :
This region of the brain comprises Diencephalon and the cerebrum.
The diencephalon is formed of thalamus and hypothalamus.

Thalamus :
It is the largest part of the diencephalon. This region contains a cluster of nuclei. Most of the sensory inputs are conducted to the cerebral cortex through the thalamus. Axons carrying auditory, visual and other sensory informations synapse with specific nuclei of this region. This region may also influence mood and general body movements due to strong emotions such as fear or anger.

Hypothalamus :-
This region contains small nuclei and nerve tracts. The nuclei called mamillary bodies are involved in olfactory reflexes and emotional responses to odours. The funnel shaped infundibulum from the hypothalamus connects it to the posterior pituitary or neurohypophysis. This region controls the secretions of the pituitary gland.
The hypothalamus receives inputs from several sensory systems such as tongue, nose and external genitalia. It is associated with emotional and
mood relationships. It provides a relaxed feeling. Feeling good after a meal,
rage and fear are also due to this region. It also coordinates responses to the
sleep-wake cycle with other areas.

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