skeletal Muscle disorder | Tetany | Cramps | NMDCAT 2021

skeletal Muscle disorder | MDCAT | muscle diseases [ muscle fatigue, muscle cramp, muscle tetany and tetanus ]

Muscle Fatigue
Muscle fatigue is a state of physiological
inability to contract. Muscle fatigue results
from relative deicit of ATP. When no
ATP is available, contractures or states of
continuous contraction result because the
cross bridges are unable to detach. Excess
accumulation of lactic acid and ionic imbalance also contribute to muscle fatigue. Lactic acid, which
causes muscle pH to drop (and the muscle to ache) causes extreme fatigue by breaking glucose
Tetany
Tetany is the disease caused by low calcium in the blood. It increases the excitability of neurons
and results in loss of sensations. Muscle twitches and convulsion occur. If untreated the system
progresses to spasm of larynx, respiratory paralysis and ultimately death occurs.
Cramp
It is also known as tetanic contraction of the entire muscle: It lasts for just a few seconds to several
hours, causing the muscles to become taut and painful. It is most common in thigh and hip muscles,
it usually occurs at night or after exercise. It relects low blood sugar level, electrolyte depletion,
dehydration irritability of spinal cord and neurons.
Tetanus: The term tetanus is used for an
acute infectious disease caused by anaerobic
bacterium Clostridium tetani resulting in
persistant painful spasms of some skeletal
muscles. Typically begins gradually with
stifness of jaws and neck muscles and
progresses to ixed rigidity of jaws (lock jaw)
and spasms of trunk and limb muscles, usually
fatal due to respiratory failure. Though rare
in developed countries, the tetanus is the
major killer in developing countries where the
mortality rate is 40 percent.

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[Sarahh_]

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