6.4 Bacterial Cell Envelope | Bacterial Cell wall and Gram staining by Irtisamsbiology

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The cell envelope comprises the cell membrane, the cell wall and an outer membrane if present. In bacteria with 1 membrane (Gram-positive) the cell envelope consists of the cytoplasmic membrane, cell wall and capsule. In bacteria with 2 membranes (Gram-negative) the envelope consists of the cytoplasmic membrane, cell wall, periplasmic space, outer membrane and capsule. The archaeal cell envelope generally consists of single membrane covered by a surface layer (S-layer). Ignicoccus species exceptionally have an outer membrane which encloses a large periplasmic space. Extreme thermophiles and acidophiles have tetraether type glycerophospholipids with C40 isoprenoid chains. The yeast cell envelope is a protecting capsule which consists of the cytoplasmic membrane, the periplasmic space, and the cell wall.

[yusra]

Sir very nice AP 15 min MN ITNA muhkil topic smjhadetey HN time waste bi NHI HOTA AUR NAHI kuj cheezen Rh jati concept hi clear hojata ha

[MuhammadLatif-se]

Waah🎉🎉 I have never seen this kind of teacher in my life 👍👍 well done sir g...May Allah give you More and More

[muhammadshafiq]

Most talented teacher proud of you dear

[manalzahra]

Sir ap ka method bht acha ha Mashallah Allah ap sa razi hon

[alishasyed]

This is so easy to do understand thanku sir.... Helped alot

[AliZaib-xg]

I'm the student of GCU Lahore and it helps me alot in preparing my concepts better

[ranagulzaman]

Very well sir aj Meri presentation thi is topic ki bht help ki apki video na nice work, good
Thank you so much ❤️

[naveediqbal]

Love you sir g... lecture la kr maza a gia

[staraccademy]

Very helpful lecture really very grateful to you sir

[TCLTV-mr]

Good work but I would like to suggest something!

Our cells do not die during the process of skin wrinkling caused by water exposure. The wrinkling is a functional and reversible response, not a result of cell death. Because

The outermost layer of skin (stratum corneum) absorbs water, which causes it to swell. This layer consists of dead keratinized cells, so there is no damage to living cells during this process.
Moreover, the wrinkling effect is due to blood vessel constriction, controlled by the nervous system. This response causes the skin to form wrinkles without harming the living cells in the deeper layers of the skin. Once, you remove your skin from water, the swelling of the outer layer subsides, and blood flow returns to normal. This allows the wrinkles to disappear, showing that no permanent damage occurs.



The process is a physiological reaction rather than an indication of cellular harm.

[raiaftab]

Thank you so much sir your method is very easy and good 🥰🥰🥰

[cricketfever]

Kon yha par ilm ki dunyia walay sir ki reading sun kar aya hai😅😅😅

[sanuvlogs]

Sir thora jalde next topics uplode karo na

[usamakhalid]

Nice lecture pr ap third year k lecture kb dy gy???

[STYLISHG]

Sir, Is This Table Important For Intermediate?

[mr.unknown]

11:20 what does it mean by GTR .. PLEASE EXPLAIN IT