Retina | An Introduction | Part 1

Retina | An Introduction | Part 1

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▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Contents of this video ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬

(0:00-3:40)
Delicate membranous light-sensitive part of the eye, location in the eye ball;
Outermost protective layer= Sclera & Cornea.
Middle layer (Uveal Tract) = Choroid, Ciliary body & Iris.
Innermost layer= Retina; pigmented epithelium, Innermost Neuronal layer of Retina.

(3:41-9:30)
Exact location of Retina; sandwiched between Vitreous Body inside (Vitreous aspect of retina) and Choroid outside (Choroidal part of retina).
Ora Serrata; Wavy margins where light sensitive part of retina terminates anteriorly.

(9:35-13:20)
Through the Ophthalmoscope: Only posterior part of retina i.e., Optic Disc and part around it visible; Ocular Fundus.
Non-light sensitive part of retina; continuing beyond Ora Serrata.

(13:22-23:20)
Embryological Development of Eye: CNS development; Neural Tube; Optic Vesicle to Optic Cup; Outer and Inner layers differentiate into outer pigmented & inner neuronal retinal layers.
Retina, therefore is the only part of CNS visible through ophthalmoscope.

(23:25-29:10)
Fundoscopy: Posterior pole of fundus(yellowish) [Macula Lutea]; Optic Disc nasally/medially (pale colored).
Macula Lutea in detail: Has undefined margins, slight depressed area in center; Fovea Centralis.

(29:15-34:25)
Optic Disc in detail: Highly vascular (Central Retinal Artery coming out of it), Optic Disc; point of Retina from where all optic nerve fibers are moving out of retina through lamina cribrosa as Optic Nerve.
Technically Optic Nerve is a CNS tract and not a nerve per say.

(34:30-38:40)
Optic Disc continued: Central Retinal Artery, branches after passing through the Optic Disc & its Nasal & Temporal branches then supply inner parts of Retina.
Outer part of Retina supplied by Choriocapillaris.

(38:41-41:30)
Optic Disc continued; Central Retinal Artery (CRA) continued: Fovea Centralis (FC); the area of maximal visual acuity, depends only on Choriocapillaris for nutrition & not CRA, therefore NO Blood Vessels: Avascular.
Further comparison of Macula Lutea and Optic Disc.

(41:31-43:44)
Clinical Co-relate of Optic Disc (OD): Physiological Cup: Depression in OD; In Glaucoma when ICP is very high, this cup is pushed backwards; pathologically cupped/depressed. No rods & cones here so; Blind Spot.
Comparison continued: In Fovea Centralis (FC), cones are packed very tightly & blood vessels basically pushed aside to reveal FC; hence thinnest area of the retina; sharpest acuity.

(43:48-45:30)
Summary of comparison b/w OD & Macula Lutea (ML); 1- OD nasally situated, ML central but inferolateral to OD.
2-OD = 1.5mm, while ML = 5-6mm.
3-OD is pale, ML yellowish.
4- OD = Blood vessels coming in & out; highly vascular, while ML = Avascular.
5- OD is a blind spot while ML has point of maximal visual acuity.
6-OD has 'Physiological cupping' while ML has Fovea Centralis.
7-OD has sharper margins, while ML much diffused, undefined margins.

(45:31-51:00)
Blood supply of Fovea Centralis. Descriptive schematic diagram of OD, ML, Optic Nerves and Retinal Arteries, along with their positions in eyeball from above.

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[saahilkhan]

I feel soo lucky that i born in this era where Dr najeeb exists, this living legend is my inspiration, i love u sir from india God bless u

[edmondmuthee]

I felt like I just read 10 books ....and this was only an introduction!! Much love from Kenya sir. You are one of a kind

[kaiserlaszlo]

What makes his lectures very impressive is the depth of knowledge, the combination of manual skills and the amount of information behind. Though I am also a medical professional teaching essentially pathologyI think these type of lectures are much superior to most of our ppt presentations. Great thanks and congratulation from Hungary

[rexy]

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[karthikthiagarajan]

Repetition is at the heart of good teaching. He uses this device beautifully, in a way that doesn't bore the audience, but continuously reinforces the central points of the subject he is teaching. Great job, sir!

[Shubaabala]

Hats off to u sir.... U make medical students who can't afford a tuition / classes to understand easily...

[chandranmr]

I'm an optometrist and this is my right choice that to hear this class. Beautiful demonstration that makes easier to understand the fundamental structure of the retina. Thank u sir.

[omarsaleemmohammed]

No words can describe what a gigantic and beautiful work you produced.

[gilangsekarfitri]

I respect of your lecture, sir. It's interactive. I appreciate when u give an open question like "am i clear? " or "any question after these? " thx Sir, u made the eye anatomy easy to learn. God bless u.

[soheltamboli]

Dr. Najeeb, your lectures are very informative and make conceptual understanding very easier. I hope that your videos reach at all four corners of the Earth

[sathyanarayanagowda]

respected sir
the living legend of medicine
i wanted to tell you my own feelings and experience, CNS system which never entered to my (CNS) brain - you made it so simple to understand difficult system.
hats off to you
in fact i wanted to join live lecture.
where is these are conducted
i am working at present in Oman

[Traveller]

Thank you so much!
I’m optometrist student in UK, your lecture really helped me to understand all the content easily

[akankshajaswal]

Thankyou sir. I've never had such a clear understanding of Retina before this :)

[rhshovan]

FOR THE FIRST TIME, CONCEPT ABOUT RETINA BECAME CLEAR, AFTER WATCHING YOUR VIDEO... THE FEAR OF ZOOLOGY IS DECREASING..THANK YOU SO MUCH..

[moulyarajkumar]

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keep on this fruitful work Dr...I am a new student and I just started watching your videos one by one...in fact i am more attracted to your lectures than studying on my own..Big THANK YOU from ad-damaziin(sudan)

[theprince]

Such a great Dr, I hope that teachers all around the world learn from you!
Much respect

[intezarahmad]

you are one of the greatest doctor and as well as a teacher, proud of you .

[kapslungu]

its always great to listen to your lectures. you are educating the world Dr Najeeb.