Butterfly diagram of Sun's spots

Butterfly diagram of Sun's spots

A butterfly diagram is a graphical representation that tracks the movement and changes of sunspots on the Sun's surface over time. The diagram is called a butterfly diagram because the pattern of sunspot emergence and movement resembles the shape of a butterfly's wings.

In a butterfly diagram, the horizontal axis represents time, usually spanning several years, while the vertical axis represents the latitude of the sunspot group on the Sun. Sunspots tend to appear closer to the Sun's equator and then move towards higher latitudes over time. This movement is known as the butterfly pattern.

Each sunspot group is represented by a dot or symbol on the diagram, indicating its position and size. By analyzing the butterfly diagram, scientists can study the solar cycle, which is the periodic variation in the number of sunspots and solar activity over an approximately 11-year cycle.

The butterfly diagram is a valuable tool for understanding the behavior of the Sun and predicting solar activity, which can impact space weather and communications on Earth.

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