Api throttling with django rest framework

okay, let's dive into api throttling with django rest framework (drf). this comprehensive tutorial will cover everything from the fundamentals to more advanced configurations, including practical code examples.

**what is api throttling?**

api throttling, also known as rate limiting, is a technique used to control the rate at which clients (users, applications, or services) can make requests to an api. it's crucial for several reasons:

* **protecting resources:** prevents overwhelming your server's resources (cpu, memory, database) with excessive requests.
* **ensuring fair usage:** distributes api access fairly among users, preventing a single user from monopolizing resources.
* **security:** mitigates denial-of-service (dos) attacks and brute-force attempts.
* **cost control:** especially important for apis that charge based on usage, it helps prevent unexpected costs.
* **maintaining performance:** prevents one single user or process from making so many requests that they degrade the experience for other users.

**how drf handles throttling**

django rest framework provides a flexible and configurable throttling system based on the following key components:

1. **throttling classes:** these classes define the specific throttling logic. drf comes with built-in throttling classes and allows you to create your own custom classes.

2. **settings:** drf's `rest_framework` setting lets you specify default throttling classes to apply globally or per view.

3. **scopes:** throttling is based on a "scope." a scope is simply a string identifier, used in the settings and by the throttling classes, that defines which requests should be limited by the same throttling rules. scopes are often associated with different api endpoints.

**built-in throttling classes**

drf provides the following built-in throttling classes:

* **`anonratethrottle`:** applies throttling to unauthenticated (anonymous) users, using the ip address of the request.
* **`use ...

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