String vs StringBuilder vs StringBuffer in Java | Last-Minute Java Interview Guide

What is the difference between String, StringBuilder, and StringBuffer in Java? At first glance, they all seem to just handle text. But under the hood, they behave very differently. And understanding those differences can help you write cleaner, faster, and more efficient code.

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Difference Between String, StringBuilder, and StringBuffer in Java
1. Immutability
String: It is immutable, meaning its value cannot be changed once created. Every modification leads to a new object. This ensures thread safety but can be inefficient for frequent changes.

StringBuilder and StringBuffer: Both are mutable. You can alter their content without creating new objects, making them more efficient for frequent modifications.
2. Thread Safety
String: Being immutable, it is inherently thread-safe.

StringBuilder: Not synchronized, and therefore not thread-safe. Faster for this reason.

StringBuffer: Synchronized, making it thread-safe. This adds overhead and makes it slower than StringBuilder.
3. Performance
String: Slower when it comes to frequent modifications due to immutability.

StringBuilder: Faster for repeated changes since no new objects are created.

StringBuffer: Slightly slower than StringBuilder due to synchronization.
4. Storage Area
String: Stored in the String Pool, helping in-memory optimization.

StringBuilder and StringBuffer: Stored in the heap, without any special pooling.
5. Concatenation
String: Concatenation creates new objects, leading to more garbage collection. Not suitable for extensive concatenation operations.

StringBuilder and StringBuffer: append method enables efficient concatenation without creating new objects.
6. Usage Recommendations
String: Use when the text won't change, and thread safety is required.

StringBuilder: Use in a single-threaded environment for frequent changes.

StringBuffer: Use in multi-threaded scenarios where text changes often.

[javatechnology]

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[Sumeshkumarback]

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