What are the Transponder and ADS-B Requirements and How do they Work?

In this video, I talk about Transponders and ADS-Bs. I cover how they work as well as the requirements for when a private pilot must have them on their aircraft and operational.

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🛫 Timestamps:
00:00 Intro
01:20 Mode Switch
01:50 Numbers
01:56 Enter
02:15 VFR
02:25 Ident
02:50 Tail Number, Current Squawk Code, Altitude (flight level), Function
03:12 Transponder Modes
04:26 Mode A
04:36 Mode C: Encoding Altimeter
05:13 Mode S: Encoding Altimeter
05:39 ADS-B Out
06:37 Transponder and ADS-B Requirements
07:04 Visual Explanation: Within Class A, B, and C airspace
07:43 Visual Explanation: Above Class B, C airspace area until 10000 ft. MSL
08:38 Visual Explanation: Within Class E airspace at or above 10000 ft. MSL, except in that airspace below 2500 feet. AGL
10:09 Visual Explanation: Within 30 NM of a Class B airspace primary airport, below 10,000 ft. MSL (we call this a mode C veil)
11:04 Visual Explanation: Into, within, or across the US ADIZ
11:20 ADS-B Out only
11:40 Visual Explanation: Within Class E airspace over the Gulf of Mexico, at and above 3000 feet. MSL, within 12 nm of the US coast

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[GOMD]

Very concise and informative. Thank you

[josephwhite]

Really thorough, thanks for the refresher

[JTAspra]

Dude, thank you so much for clarifying this stuff

[pjsministry]

The presentation was very informative. Thank you,
Chaplain Billy--Ercoupe pilot

[johnd]

Love the video as it really helped me visualize the multitude of airspace ADS-B requirements. However, one thing did sort of jump out at At about 03:35 into the video, you say "let's say you are instructed to squawk 8571" This unique identification is referred to as a squawk code. Each of the four digits ranges from 0 to 7, these are then coded as octal numbers for use by the transponder. ATC is not likely to request any squawk above 7777 and would certainly avoid even coming near the 7x00 codes.

[RobsPilotTraining]

Great video. I came here because I was confused about the class E airspace and you explained it perfectly. But I think there was a mistake when you were explaining the ADSB out only bulletin about the Gulf of Mexico. When you marked the location, you marked outside of 12 nautical miles when I think the explanation says it needs to be within 12 nautical miles. Am I correct or am I misunderstanding?

[nicholasmcniece]

Your videos are so good, thank you for making them!

[joecritch]

I don’t believe you have to have adsb to cross the adiz for example flying from the Bahamas to Florida

[Subsonic-cden]

I purchased your course and so far most of the information has been pretty clear. This one however, is not. I'm sure we go over them later in the course, but I don't even know what class A and B airspace ARE and you don't explain them. In addition, it is very unclear to me when which type of transponder is and is not required.

[kevinmalloy]

And folks should be clear that aircraft type certificated without an engine-driven elctrical system, such as 1940s Cubs and Champs, don’t have to have ADS-B Out, even inside the veil. Of course such Cubs and Champs won’t be going into the Bravo (and for me, a Sport pilot, also not into the C. And I also can’t go into Ds w/o an endorsement).

[derheeheehee]

So if you lose your transponder can they still see your adsb information?

[KieferGolshani]

Unless otherwise authorized by ATC, no person may operate an aircraft into, within, or across an ADIZ unless that aircraft is equipped with a coded radar beacon transponder and automatic pressure altitude reporting equipment having altitude reporting capability that automatically replies to interrogations by transmitting pressure altitude information in 100‐foot increments.

It says nothing about requiring ads-b

[woodwright]

Referencing the bulleted list on your last slide, this doesn't seem right: "When not operating in an area that requires a Mode C/S/ADS-B the transponder should be set to Mode A unless otherwise advised by ATC". If you turn ADS-B off, ATC may still have you on radar, but wouldn't you become invisible to other airplanes and flight info services who use ADS-B for data & to help w/ situational awareness & traffic avoidance: Foreflight, FlightAware & FlightRadar24 for instance?

That statement also seems to directly contradict "If your aircraft is equipped with operational ADS-B then you are required to keep it in transmit mode at all times".

My reference material says leave it on until the airplane is parked.

[dojoswitzer]

Your warning about accidentally scrolling past the emergency squawk codes on the way to a higher code on this type of Transponder seems irrelevant because you enter them one digit a time, as you mentioned.

[linuxranch]

There is no "8" in a sqwak code!

[dvsmotions]

I hope within the past year you have actually learned all of the wrong information you provided in this video.

[dojoswitzer]

I feel sorry for someone who needs to learn the airspace requirements here, because you keep saying an airplane that needs the transponder ‘does not’, because you have not yet gotten to that requirement. (Wrong 3 times, correct once)