Harvard CS50 (2023) – Full Computer Science University Course

Learn the basics of computer science from Harvard University. This is CS50, an introduction to the intellectual enterprises of computer science and the art of programming. The course is taught live every year and this is the 2023 version.

⭐️ Course Contents ⭐️
⌨️ (00:00:00) Lecture 0 - Scratch
⌨️ (02:05:47) Lecture 1 - C
⌨️ (04:35:19) Lecture 2 - Arrays
⌨️ (06:59:38) Lecture 3 - Algorithms
⌨️ (09:01:13) Lecture 4 - Memory
⌨️ (11:26:33) Lecture 5 - Data Structures
⌨️ (13:42:44) Lecture 6 - Python
⌨️ (15:58:02) Lecture 7 - SQL
⌨️ (18:18:30) Lecture 8 - HTML, CSS, JavaScript
⌨️ (20:58:14) Lecture 9 - Flask
⌨️ (23:19:07) Lecture 10 - Emoji
⌨️ (25:05:28) Cybersecurity

---

HOW TO JOIN CS50 COMMUNITIES

HOW TO FOLLOW DAVID J. MALAN

LICENSE

CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License

🎉 Thanks to our Champion and Sponsor supporters:
👾 davthecoder
👾 jedi-or-sith
👾 南宮千影
👾 Agustín Kussrow
👾 Nattira Maneerat
👾 Heather Wcislo
👾 Serhiy Kalinets
👾 Justin Hual
👾 Otis Morgan
👾 Oscar Rahnama

--

[uqnkfxz]

I pause the video sometimes so he can take a break

[stefangarces]

24 hours of Harvard Computer Science for free?! Huge respect 🙌

[JDP_]

Got laid off of my construction job after working 50-60 hours a week faithfully. Now I’m going to lock down for the next year and learn the basics of coding to ultimately get a tech job. Today is day 1. Let’s go 🙏🏾

[jaimediez]

🎯 Key Takeaways for quick navigation:

00:00 🎓 *Introduction to the CS50 course and Dr. David Malan's background*
07:12 🛠️ *Transition to the C programming language in Week One*
18:09 🧮 *Exploring Different Number Systems*
24:29 🔢 *Introducing Volunteers to Represent Bits*
31:10 🖥️ *Bits and Bytes in Computer Memory*
36:01 📱 *Decoding Text Messages Using ASCII*
43:59 🎨 *Representation of Emojis and Skin Tones in Unicode*
46:04 🖌️ *Efficient Design in Unicode for Complex Emoji Representations*
01:17:00 🧰 *Scratch Interface and Basics*
01:25:20 🎉 *Exploring Scratch Features*
01:39:04 📹 *Interactive Programming with Video Sensing*
Introduction to *using Scratch for programming.*
Creating a *program with synthesized speech.*
Explaining the *concept of functions in programming.*
Implementing conditional *behavior in Scratch.*
01:53:18 🔄 *Iterative Development in Scratch*
01:57:46 🎮 *Introduction to Programming Paradigm*
02:03:54 🧩 *More Complex Game Elements*
02:08:11 📊 *Evaluating Code Quality*
02:14:56 📄 *Structure of a Code Editor*
02:25:12 🔄 *Transition from Scratch to C*
03:02:01 🤖 *Simplifying Conditional Logic*
03:07:08 🧮 Exploring the structure of C code.*
03:09:30 🔄 Handling multiple conditions using "else if."*
03:10:28 🗃️ Handling a catch-all condition.*
03:11:36 🧩 Recap and review of C code.*
03:14:09 🔂 Code optimization by eliminating redundancy.*
03:14:25 🎯 Recap of coding concepts.*
03:14:34 🤔 Addressing questions and clarifications.*
03:50:56 🍪 *Break and Introduction to Mario ASCII Art*
03:53:54 🧱 *Printing a Column of Bricks*
03:55:18 🧱🧱🧱 *Printing a 3x3 Grid of Bricks*
03:56:01 🧱 *Discussing the idea of printing rows of bricks in a grid format.*
04:14:29 💡 *Creating Functions with Inputs*
04:49:23 🛠️ *Troubleshooting an error with get_string function, *
05:21:57 🐞 *Debugging with Breakpoints*
05:22:25 🐞 *Debugging in CS50, *
05:26:46 🦆 *Rubber Duck Debugging, *
05:55:23 🧠 *Introduction to arrays and for loops*
06:15:15 🖥️ *Manipulating Strings in C*
06:30:50 🐍 *Introduction to converting characters to uppercase in C*
06:35:12 📚 *Leveraging the ctype.h library for character manipulation*
06:42:34 🚀 *Command-line arguments in C programs*
06:48:22 🦆 *More fun with command-line arguments: Changing the "cow" to a "duck"*
06:49:21 🚀 *Exit Status and Error Codes*
06:50:29 🔍 *The Role of "int" in "main"*
07:24 🕒 *Understanding Algorithm Efficiency*
07:41:42 📚 *Introduction to creating a phone book in C*
07:43:33 🧮 *Introducing the concept of a custom data type*
07:59:00 🧐 *Sorting Algorithms Introduction*
08:08:00 🧼 *Bubble Sort*
08:18:10 🔄 *Bubble Sort Analysis*
08:27:04 ♻️ *Recursion and Recursive Functions*
08:57:04 🕰️ *Time Complexity of Merge Sort*
09:07:51 🧮 *Introduction to Hexadecimal and Base 16*
09:10:19 💡 *Understanding Hexadecimal Representation*
09:19:54 💡 *Getting the Address of a Variable*
09:44:01 🔍 *Introduction to Data Types and Strings in C*
10:03:55 💡 *Harnessing Pointer Arithmetic with Strings*
10:17:37 🧮 *Exploring string manipulation*
10:19:27 📝 *Copying strings and memory allocation*
10:47:25 💡 *Handling Garbage Values*
11:09:12 🔄 *Swapping values using pointers in C, *
11:13:00 🚫 *Memory limitations and potential issues in C, *
11:27:18 🧮 *Importance of Data Structures*
12:24:03 📜 *Adding Elements to Linked List*
12:34:00 📚 *Explanation of implementing a stack using linked lists, *
12:44:00 🔄 *Iterating over the linked list, *
12:51:00 🔗 *In this section, the main focus is on understanding the running time of various operations in linked lists.*
12:56:00 🌲 *This section introduces the concept of binary search trees (BSTs) as a way to achieve both binary search and dynamism.*
13:12:24 🌲 *Balanced binary search trees and algorithm complexity*
13:18:06 ⚖️ *Hashing and hash functions*
13:24:38 🧮 *Understanding Hash Tables and Memory Usage*
13:41:41 📚 *Introduction to Python*
13:56:53 📊 *Data Types in Python*
13:59:54 🖥️ *Implementing Spell Checker in Python*
14:11:12 🧑‍💻 *Face Recognition in Python*
14:19:13 🧮 *Variable manipulation and loops in Python*
14:26:53 🔄 *No need for a main function in Python*
14:33:41 🐍 *Integer overflow and big numbers in Python*
15:11:18 🖋️ *Python Printing Techniques*
15:26:12 🖥️ *Python: Accessing Command Line Arguments*
15:41:10 📚 *Introduction to Python Dictionaries and Their Use Cases*
15:43:28 🔄 *Swapping Values in Python*
15:47:12 📁 *Working with CSV Files in Python*
15:54:27 🔊 *Text-to-Speech Synthesis in Python*
15:57:36 🎓 *Conclusion and Introduction to SQL*
16:19:33 📊 *Improved Language Counting*
16:26:29 📈 *Sorting Data*
16:30:13 🔄 *Interactive User Input*
16:34:40 📊 *Introduction to Relational Databases*
16:36:06 🗃️ *Basic SQL Operations*
16:51:30 💼 *Introduction to SQL in Python*
17:08:10 🧩 *Database Design Considerations*
17:11:42 🔑 *Primary Keys and Foreign Keys*
17:26:27 📚 *Querying Relationships*
17:32:59 🌐 *Joining Multiple Tables*
17:43:37 🕵️ *Fuzzy Matching in SQL*
17:45:03 📈 *Creating a database index for faster searches*
18:01:29 🤖 *Introduction to the use of placeholders in SQL queries*
18:05:13 💼 *Preventing SQL injection attacks*
18:22:31 🌐 *Understanding the Basics of TCP/IP*
18:44:25 🌐 *HTTP as an Application-Level Protocol*
18:54:06 📨 *Viewing HTTP Request Headers*
19:05:27 🎉 *Prank at Harvard-Yale Football Game*
19:10:45 🌐 *Introduction to HTML and Web Technologies*
19:14:39 🖥️ *Running a Web Server with http-server*
19:15:36 🌐 *Accessing the Hosted Website*
19:16:46 🌐 *Understanding URL Structure*
19:17:39 🌐 *HTML Tag Hierarchy*
19:21:48 🌐 *HTML Elements and Hierarchy*
19:31:07 📚 *Introduction to HTML Tags*
19:32:29 📋 *Creating Lists in HTML*
19:47:43 🖥️ *HTML Meta Tags*
20:22:12 🧩 *Introduction to JavaScript*
20:23:35 📦 *JavaScript Variables*
20:25:14 🌐 *JavaScript in Web Development*
20:25:56 🖥️ *Client-Side JavaScript*
20:27:07 🔗 *HTML Form Creation*
20:29:56 🛠️ *Optimizing JavaScript Code*
20:45:47 📊 *Dynamic table sorting with JavaScript*
20:49:10 🌈 *Changing background color with JavaScript*
21:02:19 📂 *Folder Structure for Web Applications*
21:17:15 🌐 *Handling user input via URL parameters:*
21:35 🖼️ *Using Templates and Layouts*
21:48 📝 *Flask Web Development Basics*
22:03 🧩 *Template Layouts in Flask*
22:07:18 📋 *Storing user registration data in a dictionary*
22:10:18 📝 *Displaying user registrations on a webpage*
22:34:55 📊 *Displaying Registered Users*
23:36:23 🧠 *Overview of Computer Science Course*
23:51:38 💻 *Preparing for Post-CS50*
23:55:51 📚 *Introduction to Review Session*
23:56:19 🐍 *Python "Hello World" Question*
23:57:05 🌐 *DNS (Domain Name System) Question*
23:58:00 ⏰ *Merge Sort Runtime Question*
23:59:08 💻 *ARG C in C Programming Question*
24:00:19 📂 *File Opening Function in C Question*
24:08:45 🍽️ *Valid Way to Print Exclamation Point Question*
24:10:23 🖥️ *Compiling Steps Question*
24:11:02 🤯 *Surprise at the Beginning of the Halloween Lecture Question*
24:13:20 🌎 *Unicode and Emoji Introduction*
24:14:28 🍣 *Representation of Japanese Foods in Emoji*
24:16:06 🌐 *Universal Appeal of Dumplings Discussion*
24:17:00 🍣 *Introduction to Jennifer 8 Lee's Talk*
24:20:33 😊 *Evolution of Emoji Discussion*
24:22:13 🌟 *Unicode Consortium and Emoji*
24:25:20 🍔 *Representation of Food in Emoji*
24:27:17 🙏 *Importance of Inclusivity in Emoji*
24:37:32 📚 *Introduction to the Next Section*
24:39:20 💾 *Memory Hierarchy*
24:40:25 💿 *Storage Devices*
24:41:31 🕒 *CPU Clock Speed*
24:45:15 💻 *System Architecture Quiz*
24:48:33 🔄 *Algorithm Efficiency*
24:56:00 📖 *Recommended Books*
24:57:52 🎉 *Farewell and Good Luck*
23:58:00 🔄 *Merge Sort Algorithm Analysis*
24:00:19 👾 *The Duck Debugger*
24:03:00 🤝 *How Strings Length is Computed in C*
24:10:09 🚀 *Arrow Operator in C*
24:12:54 🍣 *Missing Dumpling Emoji*
24:16:21 🤝 *Involvement with Unicode Consortium*
24:29:02 💡 *Encoding Characters and Code Points*
24:33:07 🌐 *Depiction of Race and Nationality in Emoji*
24:33:35 🎨 *Evolution of Emoji Design*
24:36:30 👩‍🎨 *Contributions to Emoji*
24:53:46 🔁 *Emoji Directionality*
24:55:36 🎉 *Future of Emojis*
25:03:07 🤖 *Course Conclusion*
25:09:54 🔐 *Password Choices*
25:10:23 🔐 *Password Security*
25:12:26 🔓 *Cracking a 4-Digit Passcode*
25:28:22 🔒 *Lockout Mechanism*

[IgorKuts]

I am literally speechless. This is not just teaching, this is art. Those students are blessed by having such an opportunity.

[thelife]

5:00:11 Compiling converts C code into assembly code.
5:01:53 AMD CPUs understand Assembly Language for efficient code execution
5:05:45 The code is stored on a virtual hard drive in the cloud.
5:07:54 The purpose of a library is to make it easier to use and reuse code that's already been written.
5:11:53 Code compiled into zeros and ones is not necessarily predictable, making decompiling challenging.
5:13:34 Debugging code is a lifelong skill and there are tools and techniques available to make it easier.
5:16:57 Debugging using printf statements
5:18:42 Using printf as a diagnostic tool in programming
5:22:09 Using breakpoints in debug mode to step through code
5:23:56 The debugger in CS50 shows variables and allows stepping through code
5:27:18 Using a panel to display changing values instead of print statement
5:29:07 The cs50 library prompts the user for a negative integer and stores the value in n.
5:32:52 Exploring the behavior of a 'do-while' loop in the program.
5:34:38 Using a debugger can help in finding bugs in code
5:38:11 Data types represent different types of data with a specific number of bits allocated to them.
5:39:58 Data in computers is represented using bits and bytes.
5:43:27 Memory in a computer is like a canvas for storing information in units of bytes or 8 bits.
5:45:11 Computing the average of three values using C
5:48:42 The video discusses the concept of memory and storing data.
5:50:33 Declare an array in C to store three integer values
5:54:26 Using loops to avoid repetitive code and improve code design.
5:56:21 Memory in computers is contiguous, and arrays can be passed as arguments in code.
5:59:58 Declare a constant variable to avoid hardcoding and easily reuse values.
6:02:01 Taking the average of a variable number of scores using a loop.
6:06:01 In C, you must remember the length of an array yourself.
6:07:58 In C, you cannot determine the size of an array when it is passed into a function.
6:11:31 A string is just an array of characters in memory.
6:13:24 Strings in memory take up one more byte than the characters typed by the programmer
6:17:12 Understanding operations on strings in computer science.
6:19:12 Strings in C are treated differently and have special implementations
6:22:59 Manipulating strings in arrays using new syntax
6:25:11 Calculate the length of a string in C
6:28:54 Introduce string manipulation and library functions in C
6:30:56 Iterate through each character in a given string, check if it is lowercase, and convert it to uppercase.
6:34:53 Using libraries in programming to solve common problems efficiently
6:36:42 Implement a program that's correct but better designed with fewer lines of code and lower probability of mistakes.
6:40:40 Introducing command-line arguments in the program
6:42:40 argc stands for argument count and is used to determine the length of the array of words typed at the prompt.
6:46:44 Command line arguments are used to modify the behavior of a program.
6:48:34 Command line arguments and exit status in coding
6:52:22 You can use the command 'Echo $?' to see the exit status of your program.
6:54:17 Cryptography is the art and science of encrypting information.
6:57:50 Encryption and decryption process explained
7:01:19 Efficiency of algorithms and its impact on solving problems
7:04:40 Searching algorithms and memory storage in computers
7:06:20 Executing the linear search algorithm to find the hidden 50 in the lockers
7:10:26 Using bracket notation, Jackson can treat the set of lockers as an array
7:12:06 Using binary search algorithm to find a number in an array
7:15:44 Divide and conquer approach for searching in an array
7:17:30 Binary search is more efficient than linear search
7:20:54 Algorithms perform similarly for large input sizes
7:22:39 Linear search has a time complexity of O(n) and binary search has a time complexity of O(log n).
7:26:21 Big O, Omega, and Theta allow computer scientists to analyze algorithm efficiency.
7:28:04 Translate the discussed ideas to actual code using arrays
7:31:50 Implementation of linear search in C using an array of numbers.
7:33:44 String comparison in C requires using a function called strcmp instead of == operator.
7:37:50 Avoid touching memory that shouldn't be accessed
7:39:40 Returning zero in main signifies code execution is successful
7:43:25 Using a 2D array to store names and numbers is a cleaner approach than combining them into the same array.
7:45:20 Code successfully searches for phone numbers in a phone book.
7:49:16 Defining a new data type called person using struct keyword
7:51:08 Creating a structure to store person's information
7:54:51 Read and update information dynamically from a file
7:56:50 C cannot set default values in struct, unlike more modern languages like Python and Java.
8:00:49 Sorting volunteers using selection sort algorithm
8:02:34 Using selection sort to sort a list of numbers
8:05:56 Bubble sort is a different approach to sorting that focuses on smaller problems.
8:07:34 Bubble sort algorithm to solve sorting problems
8:11:25 Counting the number of comparisons is a global unit of measure to analyze algorithms.
8:13:14 Number of comparisons to find the smallest element decreases by 1 for each iteration.
8:16:57 Selection sort takes N^2 steps in worst case and N^2 steps in best case
8:18:52 Iterate through the array from 0 to n minus 2 to avoid going beyond array boundaries.
8:22:30 Bubble sort has a short-circuit detail helpful for already sorted data
8:24:27 Sorting algorithms like selection sort and bubble sort have a redundant comparison process that results in slow performance for large numbers
8:28:14 Recursion allows calling a function on a smaller version of the problem until no more problems to solve.
8:30:05 Recursive search algorithm for a phone book
8:33:52 Implementing a pyramid drawing function using recursion.
8:35:49 Creating a pyramid recursively
8:39:33 The base case is important to prevent the code from running forever.
8:41:20 Recursion can be used with return values.
8:45:07 Merging two sorted halves
8:46:51 Merge sort requires additional memory for implementation
8:50:24 Sorting the left half and right half of the original input separately
8:52:19 Merging and sorting the left and right halves of the given list
8:56:09 The running time of merge sort is O(n log n) and it is better than bubble sort and selection sort.
8:57:56 Merge sort is generally preferred for sorting as it is faster.
9:03:45 Understanding computer memory helps in representing and creating interesting things
9:05:26 RGB color system: Red, Green, Blue
9:08:59 Hexadecimal is a base-16 system used to represent numbers beyond 0-9.
9:10:53 Heximal (hexadecimal) is a number system that uses 16 symbols to count. It is useful for various applications.
9:14:48 Hexadecimal is a base system used in computers to represent information.
9:16:35 Hexadecimal is commonly used to describe memory locations in computer systems and software.
9:20:11 Conceptually, the programmer knows that the number 50 is assigned to the symbol n in the computer's memory.
9:21:51 C language has operators to get the address of a variable and go to a specific address in memory.
9:25:30 A pointer is a variable that contains the address of a value.
9:27:23 The video explains the concept of pointers in C programming.
9:30:59 The code assigns the value of 'n' to variable 'p' using the address of 'n'.
9:32:42 Pointers are variables that point to something else
9:36:19 Arrays and pointers have a relationship, but are technically different.
9:38:07 Strings in programming are special as they store multiple characters and have a null character at the end.
9:41:42 String in C is actually a Char star
9:43:30 Defining data types in C using type def
9:47:13 Pointers in C are declared using the star symbol and can be dereferenced using the star symbol.
9:49:00 Printing the address of a string using the %p format specifier
9:52:40 The 'percent s' is used in printf to print the characters in a string.
9:54:39 The video discusses the concept of addresses in C programming.
9:58:19 Printing characters from a string using pointers

[Notsosarcastic_]

26 hours of full course and no ads ?
You people are doing god's work !!
Harvard CS course for free that too without any ads !

[MC]

The light bulbs on the edge of the stage spell a different word in binary for each class. I've never loved a class more. David makes learning effortless.

[richardmasters]

I’m crying right now because I was denied a college education after being shot and disabled and was not able to afford to get the education of such caliber. David is an amazing professor and I am grateful to be able to watch this awesome CS50 course.

[RetroWasNotAavailable]

Really shows how important it is to have good lecturers for learning. Whoever made the subtitles deserves love and support.

[dreamop]

Key Takeaways for quick navigation:

00:00 Introduction to the CS50 course and Dr. David Malan's background
07:12 Transition to the C programming language in Week One
18:09 Exploring Different Number Systems
24:29 Introducing Volunteers to Represent Bits
31:10 Bits and Bytes in Computer Memory
36:01 Decoding Text Messages Using ASCII
43:59 Representation of Emojis and Skin Tones in Unicode
46:04 Efficient Design in Unicode for Complex Emoji Representations
01:17:00 Scratch Interface and Basics
01:25:20 Exploring Scratch Features
01:39:04 Interactive Programming with Video Sensing
Introduction to using Scratch for programming.
Creating a program with synthesized speech.
Explaining the concept of functions in programming.
Implementing conditional behavior in Scratch.
01:53:18 Iterative Development in Scratch
01:57:46 Introduction to Programming Paradigm
02:03:54 More Complex Game Elements
02:08:11 Evaluating Code Quality
02:14:56 Structure of a Code Editor
02:25:12 Transition from Scratch to C
03:02:01 Simplifying Conditional Logic
03:07:08 Exploring the structure of C code.*
03:09:30 Handling multiple conditions using "else if."*
03:10:28 Handling a catch-all condition.*
03:11:36 Recap and review of C code.*
03:14:09 Code optimization by eliminating redundancy.*
03:14:25 Recap of coding concepts.*
03:14:34 Addressing questions and clarifications.*
03:50:56 Break and Introduction to Mario ASCII Art
03:53:54 Printing a Column of Bricks
03:55:18 Printing a 3x3 Grid of Bricks
03:56:01 Discussing the idea of printing rows of bricks in a grid format.
04:14:29 Creating Functions with Inputs
04:49:23 Troubleshooting an error with get_string function,
05:21:57 Debugging with Breakpoints
05:22:25 Debugging in CS50,
05:26:46 Rubber Duck Debugging,
05:55:23 Introduction to arrays and for loops
06:15:15 Manipulating Strings in C
06:30:50 Introduction to converting characters to uppercase in C
06:35:12 Leveraging the ctype.h library for character manipulation
06:42:34 Command-line arguments in C programs
06:48:22 More fun with command-line arguments: Changing the "cow" to a "duck"
06:49:21 Exit Status and Error Codes
06:50:29 The Role of "int" in "main"
07:24 Understanding Algorithm Efficiency
07:41:42 Introduction to creating a phone book in C
07:43:33 Introducing the concept of a custom data type
07:59:00 Sorting Algorithms Introduction
08:08:00 Bubble Sort
08:18:10 Bubble Sort Analysis
08:27:04 Recursion and Recursive Functions
08:57:04 Time Complexity of Merge Sort
09:07:51 Introduction to Hexadecimal and Base 16
09:10:19 Understanding Hexadecimal Representation
09:19:54 Getting the Address of a Variable
09:44:01 Introduction to Data Types and Strings in C
10:03:55 Harnessing Pointer Arithmetic with Strings
10:17:37 Exploring string manipulation
10:19:27 Copying strings and memory allocation
10:47:25 Handling Garbage Values
11:09:12 Swapping values using pointers in C,
11:13:00 Memory limitations and potential issues in C,
11:27:18 Importance of Data Structures
12:24:03 Adding Elements to Linked List
12:34:00 Explanation of implementing a stack using linked lists,
12:44:00 Iterating over the linked list,
12:51:00 In this section, the main focus is on understanding the running time of various operations in linked lists.
12:56:00 This section introduces the concept of binary search trees (BSTs) as a way to achieve both binary search and dynamism.
13:12:24 Balanced binary search trees and algorithm complexity
13:18:06 Hashing and hash functions
13:24:38 Understanding Hash Tables and Memory Usage
13:41:41 Introduction to Python
13:56:53 Data Types in Python
13:59:54 Implementing Spell Checker in Python
14:11:12 Face Recognition in Python
14:19:13 Variable manipulation and loops in Python
14:26:53 No need for a main function in Python
14:33:41 Integer overflow and big numbers in Python
15:11:18 Python Printing Techniques
15:26:12 Python: Accessing Command Line Arguments
15:41:10 Introduction to Python Dictionaries and Their Use Cases
15:43:28 Swapping Values in Python
15:47:12 Working with CSV Files in Python
15:54:27 Text-to-Speech Synthesis in Python
15:57:36 Conclusion and Introduction to SQL
16:19:33 Improved Language Counting
16:26:29 Sorting Data
16:30:13 Interactive User Input
16:34:40 Introduction to Relational Databases
16:36:06 Basic SQL Operations
16:51:30 Introduction to SQL in Python
17:08:10 Database Design Considerations
17:11:42 Primary Keys and Foreign Keys
17:26:27 Querying Relationships
17:32:59 Joining Multiple Tables
17:43:37 Fuzzy Matching in SQL
17:45:03 Creating a database index for faster searches
18:01:29 Introduction to the use of placeholders in SQL queries
18:05:13 Preventing SQL injection attacks
18:22:31 Understanding the Basics of TCP/IP
18:44:25 HTTP as an Application-Level Protocol
18:54:06 Viewing HTTP Request Headers
19:05:27 Prank at Harvard-Yale Football Game
19:10:45 Introduction to HTML and Web Technologies
19:14:39 Running a Web Server with http-server
19:15:36 Accessing the Hosted Website
19:16:46 Understanding URL Structure
19:17:39 HTML Tag Hierarchy
19:21:48 HTML Elements and Hierarchy
19:31:07 Introduction to HTML Tags
19:32:29 Creating Lists in HTML
19:47:43 HTML Meta Tags
20:22:12 Introduction to JavaScript
20:23:35 JavaScript Variables
20:25:14 JavaScript in Web Development
20:25:56 Client-Side JavaScript
20:27:07 HTML Form Creation
20:29:56 Optimizing JavaScript Code
20:45:47 Dynamic table sorting with JavaScript
20:49:10 Changing background color with JavaScript
21:02:19 Folder Structure for Web Applications
21:17:15 Handling user input via URL parameters:
21:35 Using Templates and Layouts
21:48 Flask Web Development Basics
22:03 Template Layouts in Flask
22:07:18 Storing user registration data in a dictionary
22:10:18 Displaying user registrations on a webpage
22:34:55 Displaying Registered Users
23:36:23 Overview of Computer Science Course
23:51:38 Preparing for Post-CS50
23:55:51 Introduction to Review Session
23:56:19 Python "Hello World" Question
23:57:05 DNS (Domain Name System) Question
23:58:00 Merge Sort Runtime Question
23:59:08 ARG C in C Programming Question
24:00:19 File Opening Function in C Question
24:08:45 Valid Way to Print Exclamation Point Question
24:10:23 Compiling Steps Question
24:11:02 Surprise at the Beginning of the Halloween Lecture Question
24:13:20 Unicode and Emoji Introduction
24:14:28 Representation of Japanese Foods in Emoji
24:16:06 Universal Appeal of Dumplings Discussion
24:17:00 Introduction to Jennifer 8 Lee's Talk
24:20:33 Evolution of Emoji Discussion
24:22:13 Unicode Consortium and Emoji
24:25:20 Representation of Food in Emoji
24:27:17 Importance of Inclusivity in Emoji
24:37:32 Introduction to the Next Section
24:39:20 Memory Hierarchy
24:40:25 Storage Devices
24:41:31 CPU Clock Speed
24:45:15 System Architecture Quiz
24:48:33 Algorithm Efficiency
24:56:00 Recommended Books
24:57:52 Farewell and Good Luck
23:58:00 Merge Sort Algorithm Analysis
24:00:19 The Duck Debugger
24:03:00 How Strings Length is Computed in C
24:10:09 Arrow Operator in C
24:12:54 Missing Dumpling Emoji
24:16:21 Involvement with Unicode Consortium
24:29:02 Encoding Characters and Code Points
24:33:07 Depiction of Race and Nationality in Emoji
24:33:35 Evolution of Emoji Design
24:36:30 Contributions to Emoji
24:53:46 Emoji Directionality
24:55:36 Future of Emojis
25:03:07 Course Conclusion
25:09:54 Password Choices
25:10:23 Password Security
25:12:26 Cracking a 4-Digit Passcode
25:28:22 Lockout Mechanism

[etheman]

love how you can fast forward to any point, and the energy level never decreases

[tirqebe]

⭐ Course Contents ⭐
⌨ (00:00:00) Lecture 0 - Scratch
⌨ (02:05:47) Lecture 1 - C
⌨ (04:35:19) Lecture 2 - Arrays
⌨ (06:59:38) Lecture 3 - Algorithms
⌨ (09:01:13) Lecture 4 - Memory
⌨ (11:26:33) Lecture 5 - Data Structures
⌨ (13:42:44) Lecture 6 - Python
⌨ (15:58:02) Lecture 7 - SQL
⌨ (18:18:30) Lecture 8 - HTML, CSS, JavaScript
⌨ (20:58:14) Lecture 9 - Flask
⌨ (23:19:07) Lecture 10 - Emoji
⌨ (25:05:28) Cybersecurity

[davmaga]

🎯 Key Takeaways for quick navigation:

00:00 🎓 *Introduction to CS50*
16:44 🎉 *CS50 Events and Community Engagement*
17:27 🔍 *Introduction to Problem Solving*
26:30 🎭 *Binary Representation Demonstration*
34:52 🧠 *ASCII representation of letters*
37:07 🌐 *Unicode and character representation*
40:31 🎨 *Unicode expansion and use of multiple bytes*
46:23 🌈 *Advanced Emoji representation*
53:01 🎥 *Basics of Video Representation*
56:35 📦 *Abstraction and Algorithms*
57:48 📖 *Searching Algorithms - Phone Book Example*
01:05:03 📝 *Pseudocode and Programming Concepts*
01:08:43 🚀 *Introduction to Scratch programming*
01:14:54 🖥️ *Writing the first Scratch program*
01:20:56 🤖 *Interactive Scratch program with user input*
01:24:52 🚀 *Scratch Programming Basics*
01:27:10 🐱 *Scratch Sounds and Duplicate Blocks*
01:28:39 🔄 *Refactoring with Loops*
01:31:27 🧩 *Creating Custom Blocks*
01:39:32 📷 *Video Sensing for Interaction*
01:43:27 🕹️ *Implementation Details of Scratch Game*
01:45:56 🔄 *Iterative Development Process*
02:06:32 🎮 *Programming Game Features*
02:11:12 🛠️ *Evaluating Code Quality*
02:19:25 🛠️ *Compiling and running C programs in VS Code*
02:23:48 🎨 *Syntax highlighting and understanding C code structure*
02:35:48 📚 *Including Header Files in C Programs*
02:41:49 📚 *Utilizing cs50.h Library*
02:54:19 🎉 *Enhancing `printf`*
02:57:19 🧩 *Data Types in C*
02:58:45 ⏸️ *Break Announcement*
03:02:55 🤔 *Simplifying Conditionals*
03:07:08 🔄 *Logical Operations and Conditions in C*
03:13:41 🤝 *Agreement System in C*
03:19:47 ♦️ *Improving Case Handling in C*
03:22:23 🔁 *Introducing Loops in C*
03:38:48 🔁 *Infinite Loop in C (Forever Block)*
03:41:06 ⚙️ *Handling Infinite Loops and Using Ctrl+C*
03:43:41 📡 *Basic Command Line Commands in Linux*
03:50:56 🕹️ *Solving General Programming Problems in C*
03:56:30 🧱 *Printing 3x3 Grids in C*
03:57:09 🔄 *Loop structure and variable naming*
04:08:24 📝 *Coding Style and Comments*
04:10:38 🧩 *Abstraction and Pseudocode*
04:13:35 📝 *Functions and Abstractions*
04:20:31 🕹️ *Integer Overflow and Longs*
04:31:08 🧮 *Floating Point Precision in C*
04:36:05 🌐 *Goals of CS50 – Understanding Computing Bottom-Up*
04:39:53 🔐 *Introduction to Cryptography and Cipher Text*
04:43:50 🖥️ *Manual Compilation with Clang and Custom Output*
04:47:16 🔄 *Compiling Code with Dynamic Input*
04:49:51 🛠️ *Compilation Process Overview*
05:08:22 🌐 *Compilation Steps Breakdown*
05:14:28 🐜 *Origin of the Term "Bug"*
05:24:00 🛠️ *Debugging with Debug50*
05:38:24 📊 *Data Types and Representation*
05:49:45 🔄 *Improving Code Design with Arrays*
05:57:26 🧮 *Function "average" Implementation:*
06:00:11 🔄 *Improving Main Function:*
06:06:20 📏 *Array Size in C:*
06:07:31 🎭 *Passing Array Length as a Parameter:*
06:10:55 📝 *Introduction to Strings in C:*
06:20:41 🧩 *Working with Arrays of Strings*
06:32:54 🧮 *Char manipulation and ASCII conversion*
06:35:27 📚 *Leveraging ctype.h Library for Case Conversion*
06:49:06 🚪 *Exit Status in C*
06:50:42 🔍 *Understanding C Programming*
06:59:00 🛡️ *Using Exit Status in C Programs*
07:09:47 🔄 *Array Introduction and Pseudo Code*
07:13:18 🧩 *Binary Search Demonstration*
07:27:38 📊 *Examples of Big Theta*
07:44:02 📚 *Introduction to the Phone Book Example*
07:55:18 🧱 *Implementation of a Struct in the Phone Book*
07:58:27 🔄 *Break and Recap*
07:59:11 🤔 *Considerations for Sorting Data*
08:01:51 🌐 *In-Class Sorting Activity*
08:06:51 🔄 *Bubble Sort Overview*
08:11:38 📊 *Analysis: Selection Sort*
08:18:22 📊 *Analysis: Bubble Sort*
08:20:01 🔄 *Bubble Sort Pseudo Code Analysis*
08:23:39 🌐 *Visualization of Sorting Algorithms*
08:28:56 🔄 *Recursive Elements in Algorithms*
08:36:38 🔄 *Recursive call and Base Case*
08:38:41 🔄 *Recursive Draw Function*
08:53:14 🔄 *Merge Sort Algorithm Explanation*
08:54:48 🧠 *Divide and Conquer in Merge Sort*
08:55:55 📉 *Time Complexity of Merge Sort*
08:58:01 🤔 *Space Complexity Considerations in Merge Sort*
08:58:15 🔄 *Tradeoffs in Sorting Algorithms*
09:00:16 🎓 *Conclusion of CS50 Course*
09:12:36 🧮 *Hexadecimal Representation*
09:14:40 🤔 *Understanding Hexadecimal*
09:15:46 🌐 *Hexadecimal in Computer Systems*
09:17:24 🕵️ *Hexadecimal in Memory Addresses*
09:19:28 🔄 *Exploring Memory with Pointers*
09:27:43 ⚙️ *Using Pointers*
09:29:32 🚀 *Pointers in C*
09:30:42 🔍 *Pointers and Data Types*
09:34:18 📬 *Memory Addresses Analogy*
09:35:28 🗺️ *Pointers Pointing at Values*
09:36:45 🔄 *Arrays vs. Pointers*
09:39:18 🧵 *Strings as Pointers*
09:42:25 🤯 *Unveiling String's True Nature*
09:49:34 📝 *Working with Strings and Addresses in C*
09:53:42 🤔 *Why `%s` for Strings in `printf`*
10:04:09 📜 *Exploring Strings with Pointer Arithmetic*
10:06:39 🔄 *Utilizing Pointer Arithmetic for Strings*
10:10:03 🧐 *String Comparison with `strcmp`*
10:17:50 🕵️‍♂️ *Examining Memory Addresses*
10:20:20 🔄 *String Copying Basics*
10:34:22 🔄 *Leveraging Standard Library Functions*
10:37:23 🧠 *Memory Management in C*
10:39:34 🗣️ *Understanding `free` in C*
10:43:18 🛠️ *Using Valgrind for Memory Debugging*
10:49:03 🚫 *Avoiding Garbage Values*
10:50:38 🧨 *Pitfalls with Pointers*
10:54:04 🧠 *Understanding pointer assignment*
10:58:13 🔄 *Swapping values using a temporary variable*
11:01:26 💡 *Understanding memory segments in C*
11:10:37 🔄 *Pointers and Ampersands in C*
11:14:24 💡 *User Input Handling in C*
11:28:35 🧠 *Introduction to Abstract Data Types*
11:38:22 🎭 *A Creative Explanation of Queues and Stacks*
11:40:28 🧱 *Implementing Queues and Stacks with Arrays*
11:43:04 🔄 *Dynamic Solutions for Resizing Arrays*
11:46:12 🖥️ *Transition to Dynamic Memory Allocation*
11:49:50 🔄 *Dynamic Memory Allocation in Action*
11:53:15 🔄 *Realloc Function for Array Expansion*
11:59:50 ❓ *Questions and Clarifications*
12:03:04 🔄 *Linked Lists Introduction*
12:06:16 🧠 *Building Data Structures with Memory Allocation*
12:07:35 🔗 *Linked List Implementation in Code*
12:24:03 📝 *Translating Concepts to Code: Building a Linked List*
12:54:05 🔄 *Linked List Insertion Overview*
12:55:15 🔄 *Inserting into a Sorted Linked List*
12:58:12 🌳 *Introduction to Binary Search Trees*
13:11:00 🌲 *Hash Tables and Binary Search Trees*
13:21:16 ⚖️ *Trade-offs in Hash Tables*
13:26:42 📦 *Implementation of Hash Tables*
13:28:17 📚 *Memory Management in Arrays*
13:30:54 🌲 *Introduction to Tries*
13:54:08 🧾 *Introduction to f-strings for formatted strings*
14:04:21 🧠 *Trade-offs in Programming Languages*
14:14:06 ⌨️ *CS50 Library in Python*
14:15:29 🔄 *Python Conditionals*
14:18:06 🔢 *Python Variables and Incrementing*
14:19:54 🔁 *Python Loops*
14:21:02 📚 *Efficient List Generation with Python's Range*
14:23:22 🔄 *Infinite Loops in Python*
14:26:41 🔧 *Removing Training Wheels in Python*
14:39:07 📚 *Lists and 'in' Keyword*
14:43:00 🐍 *Object-Oriented Programming in Python*
14:49:29 🔁 *Introduction to Loops in Python*
14:57:13 🔄 *Introduction to loops in Python*
15:00:50 🔄 *Pythonic approach to input validation*
15:11:18 📜 *Printing horizontal characters in Python*
15:12:00 💻 *Printing in Python with Named Arguments*
15:15:02 🔄 *Using the Star Operator for String Multiplication*
15:18:02 📊 *Working with Lists in Python*
15:26:12 🎛️ *Command Line Arguments with sys.argv*
15:28:46 🔄 *Iterating Over Command Line Arguments*
15:31:18 🚪 *Exiting Programs and Error Handling*
15:36:05 🔄 *Pythonic Way of Searching in Lists*
15:43:41 🔄 *String Comparison in Python*
15:48:20 📂 *Working with CSV Files in Python*
16:00:04 📊 *Introduction to SQL*
16:05:08 🐍 *Working with CSV Files in Python*
16:36:18 🔄 *SQL Commands: Create Table and Basic Structure*
16:46:17 📊 *Using COUNT() and DISTINCT*
16:54:46 🔄 *Inserting Data into SQL Table*
17:00:15 🚫 *SQL DELETE Command and its Destructive Nature*
17:06:04 🗄️ *Overview of IMDb Database Schema and Relationships*
17:11:28 🔄 *One-to-Many and Many-to-Many Relationships in Databases*
17:14:29 🛢️ *Understanding Database Constraints*
17:27:44 👤 *Retrieving Data for a Specific Person*
17:31:50 🎬 *Introduction to Dynamic Queries*
17:33:15 🔄 *Joining Tables in SQL*
17:37:18 ⚖️ *Combining Data: Joining Shows and Ratings*
17:38:27 🌐 *Advanced Queries and Problem Solving*
17:49:04 🕵️ *Database Indexing Basics*
17:54:45 📊 *Retrieving Data from SQL Database in Python*
18:02:38 🏁 *Challenges in Handling Race Conditions in SQL*
18:11:15 🔒 *Preventing SQL Injection*
18:26:47 🔄 *Data Routing with TCP/IP*
18:34:11 📧 *TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and Port Numbers*
18:39:21 🔍 *DNS (Domain Name System)*
18:43:02 🌐 *HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)*
18:48:48 📡 *URL Scheme or Protocol*
19:02:26 🌐 *HTTP Basics and Status Codes*
19:05:14 🎭 *Fun with HTTP: Yale Prank Story*
19:06:52 🕸️ *Transition to Web Development*
19:26:15 📜 *Working with Paragraphs*
19:31:35 📚 *HTML Headings*
19:35:16 📊 *HTML Tables*
19:36:49 🖼️ *Image Tag in HTML*
19:51:56 🔍 *Creating a Search Form in HTML*

[AnshParmar]

for me
10:00:08 Pointer arithmetic allows performing operations on pointers to manipulate memory addresses.
10:03:24 The power and danger of C programming and solving various segfault errors
10:05:08 Printing substrings of a string using printf
10:08:45 The program compares two strings and determines if they are the same or different.
10:10:30 Comparing strings in C involves comparing the memory addresses
10:14:06 String comparison in programming is special and treated differently from other data types.
10:16:13 Explains the concept of address and how it is used in comparing characters of strings.
10:19:55 Line 12 capitalizes the first letter of T
10:21:48 Python and other languages have benefits
10:25:30 Managing memory using malloc and free
10:27:05 Copying a string to another variable using pointers and memory allocation.
10:30:47 Iterating over and copying the characters in a string.
10:32:48 Avoid calling a function repeatedly inside your condition in a loop.
10:36:31 Use null to signal errors in coding
10:38:13 Always free memory allocated using malloc
10:41:46 Introducing the program valgrind to find memory errors in code execution
10:43:33 Bug in memory allocation and writing
10:47:07 Not initializing values in an array in C can lead to unpredictable output.
10:48:50 Garbage values in computer memory can cause errors in programs.
10:52:19 Understanding pointers and how they work
10:54:21 Manipulating memory with pointers.
10:58:09 Swapping two values using a temporary variable
10:59:51 Passing arguments by value in C does not allow swapping of values
11:03:25 Memory management in computer programs
11:05:07 Understanding memory allocation and deallocation in programs.
11:08:37 You can change the value of a variable by following memory addresses and swapping the values.
11:10:14 Passing addresses instead of integers for swap function
11:13:46 Buffer overflows can occur due to logical bugs in code
11:15:28 scanf can change the value of X by reference using Ampersand
11:19:08 Not initializing a pointer can lead to reading/writing into garbage memory locations.
11:20:59 Handling variable length inputs in C programming.
11:24:09 Introduction to reading and writing files in C
11:27:11 This week we will focus on data structures and abstract data types.
11:31:08 FIFO and LIFO are two different ways of adding and removing items from a queue or stack.
11:32:47 Storing emails and sweaters using a stack
11:36:29 The main limitation of this design is that it can only hold a finite number of items.
11:38:16 Jack learns to use a queue to manage his clothes
11:41:49 Moving a string to a new chunk of memory to add a number
11:43:27 Growing the array in this way can lead to inefficiency
11:47:07 Allocating memory dynamically for an array in C programming.
11:48:53 Using a pointer instead of an array for a list increases dynamism.
11:52:40 Copying bytes from old array to new array, allocating and freeing memory in C programming
11:54:31 Implementing inefficient allocation and population of a new array with a fourth value.
11:58:35 The function realloc simplifies the process of reallocating memory in C.
12:00:30 The use of realloc in C allows for dynamic memory allocation and copying without the need for explicit for loops.
12:04:32 Arrays and memory manipulation in computer science
12:06:20 Struct in C allows us to create our own structure in memory.
12:09:50 Creating a linked list with random memory positions
12:11:47 Use a sentinel value as a special signal for an invalid address
12:15:35 To enable backward traversal in a linked list, we can use a doubly linked list or make the list circular.
12:17:25 Using pointers in C to create self-referential structures
12:21:11 Using linked lists in place of arrays increases memory usage and eliminates the ability to index elements.
12:22:54 Binary search algorithm cannot be used when the data is not sequentially stored in memory.
12:26:10 Executing the provided code assigns a valid pointer to variable n.
12:27:53 Syntax for dereferencing a pointer and accessing a structure using arrow notation
12:31:22 Memory leak due to orphaned node
12:33:17 Implementing a stack using a linked list
12:36:52 Implementing a linked list of size zero and taking command line arguments
12:38:51 Converting command line arguments to integers using atoi.
12:42:28 Printing each number in a linked list
12:44:14 Iterating over a linked list using pointers and the null value
12:48:06 To avoid segmentation faults, use a temporary pointer for swapping and freeing memory.
12:49:54 Understanding the usage of while loops and for loops in iterating over nodes in a linked list.
12:53:23 Appending values at the end of a linked list increases the running time to O(n).
12:55:02 Maintaining a sorted list in a linked list
12:58:31 Binary search trees are structured like family trees and have special properties for binary search.
13:00:24 Using a two-dimensional approach for array layout and introducing nodes and pointers to connect them
13:03:56 Implementing binary search using a two-dimensional structure
13:05:45 Recursion is a beautiful technique for dealing with two-dimensional structures.
13:09:21 Not necessary to have pointers in both directions, but it can improve efficiency.
13:11:10 Implementing a binary search tree without balancing can result in an unbalanced tree with a height of N instead of log base 2 of N
13:14:39 Hashing is a final building block to achieve constant time lookup.
13:16:26 Sorting a deck of cards using bucketization and hashing.
13:20:16 Using linked lists improves the efficiency of contact lookup in a contact card representation
13:22:07 Hash tables offer efficient search time in constant time
13:25:49 Representation of nodes in the tree
13:27:35 Hash tables allow for constant time indexing and searching.
13:31:32 Tries are a data structure that combines aspects of arrays and hash tables.
13:33:21 Finding someone in a trie data structure takes a constant number of steps, regardless of the number of names in the data structure.
13:36:58 The try data structure is used to efficiently store and retrieve data.
13:39:00 Data structures are everywhere in the real world
13:44:03 Transition from Scratch to Python
13:45:46 Python eliminates the need for compiling code and allows program to be interpreted directly
13:49:05 Running python hello.py will print 'hello world' on the terminal.
13:50:50 In Python, the syntax for declaring variables and printing has changed compared to C.
13:54:22 Python supports format strings or F strings for automatic value substitution.
13:56:16 Python printing with curly braces
13:59:52 Implementing a spell checker in Python instead of C
14:01:38 Using a set in Python can be used as a dictionary for spellchecking words.
14:05:15 The C version of spell checker compiled faster than the Python version.
14:07:10 Using a more modern and user-friendly language like Python comes with a trade-off of potential performance loss.
14:10:46 Face recognition software can analyze and detect multiple faces, but can be trained to recognize specific faces.
14:12:44 Software can identify a human face by analyzing patterns of pixels.
14:16:21 Python has simplified the syntax for conditionals and introduced the 'elif' keyword
14:18:07 In Python, you can create a variable and set its initial value without specifying the type or using a semicolon.
14:21:33 Using the range function in Python is more efficient than hardcoding a list of numbers.
14:23:16 Infinite loops can be implemented using a 'while true' statement in C and a 'while True' statement in Python.
14:26:49 The default indentation in a Python file is left indented, and code is executed top to bottom, left to right
14:28:44 Python has a built-in function called 'int' to convert a string to an integer.
14:32:35 Python has solutions for floating point precision issues and integer overflow
14:34:31 Comparing values in C and Python
14:38:26 Explaining the usage of single quotes and double quotes in Python
14:40:17 In Python, you can use the 'in' keyword to search a list and it will return True if the value is found and False if not.
14:44:12 Python strings have built-in methods that can modify their values.
14:46:16 Strings in Python are immutable and cannot be changed directly
14:49:51 Implementing functions in Python using the 'def' keyword
14:51:34 Troubleshooting Python name errors
14:55:15 Code execution order in Python
14:57:04 Introducing Python's functionality to print a vertical column of bricks in the Mario game

[apoorvasachan]

⭐ Course Contents ⭐
⌨️ (00:00:00) Lecture 0 - Scratch
⌨️ (02:05:47) Lecture 1 - C
⌨️ (04:35:19) Lecture 2 - Arrays
⌨️ (06:59:38) Lecture 3 - Algorithms
⌨️ (09:01:13) Lecture 4 - Memory
⌨️ (11:26:33) Lecture 5 - Data Structures
⌨️ (13:42:44) Lecture 6 - Python
⌨️ (15:58:02) Lecture 7 - SQL
⌨️ (18:18:30) Lecture 8 - HTML, CSS, JavaScript
⌨️ (20:58:14) Lecture 9 - Flask
⌨️ (23:19:07) Lecture 10 - Emoji
⌨️ (25:05:28) Cybersecurity

[realbenedictik]

This harvard lecturer has so much passion impacting knowledge. 20 mins in and I've learnt quite a lot.

[Excelsiorm.N]

Just finished Week O: Scratch which lasted about 2 hours. My temporary plan is to do a lecture a day (10 lectures total), then review the notes for that lecture twice then do any of the examples given in the lecture, then the following day do the next lecture and repeat.

I'm 43 now and going back to school in 2 months to finish the last 5 classes needed for my Computer Science Bachelor's degree (lol, better late than never) at UMGC and have Python as my first coding language, so I needed a refresher to CS and an introduction to Python. I then plan to go for a Master's in either Health Informatics or Cyber security.

On to Lecture 1 and notes review tomorrow an so on... Thanks for the awesome video @David Milan

[Awoken]

He broke things down and explained topics so well. I'm thankful that this was provided for free and thankful to those who uploaded this moment in history.

[thelife]

10:00:08 Pointer arithmetic allows performing operations on pointers to manipulate memory addresses.
10:03:24 The power and danger of C programming and solving various segfault errors
10:05:08 Printing substrings of a string using printf
10:08:45 The program compares two strings and determines if they are the same or different.
10:10:30 Comparing strings in C involves comparing the memory addresses
10:14:06 String comparison in programming is special and treated differently from other data types.
10:16:13 Explains the concept of address and how it is used in comparing characters of strings.
10:19:55 Line 12 capitalizes the first letter of T
10:21:48 Python and other languages have benefits
10:25:30 Managing memory using malloc and free
10:27:05 Copying a string to another variable using pointers and memory allocation.
10:30:47 Iterating over and copying the characters in a string.
10:32:48 Avoid calling a function repeatedly inside your condition in a loop.
10:36:31 Use null to signal errors in coding
10:38:13 Always free memory allocated using malloc
10:41:46 Introducing the program valgrind to find memory errors in code execution
10:43:33 Bug in memory allocation and writing
10:47:07 Not initializing values in an array in C can lead to unpredictable output.
10:48:50 Garbage values in computer memory can cause errors in programs.
10:52:19 Understanding pointers and how they work
10:54:21 Manipulating memory with pointers.
10:58:09 Swapping two values using a temporary variable
10:59:51 Passing arguments by value in C does not allow swapping of values
11:03:25 Memory management in computer programs
11:05:07 Understanding memory allocation and deallocation in programs.
11:08:37 You can change the value of a variable by following memory addresses and swapping the values.
11:10:14 Passing addresses instead of integers for swap function
11:13:46 Buffer overflows can occur due to logical bugs in code
11:15:28 scanf can change the value of X by reference using Ampersand
11:19:08 Not initializing a pointer can lead to reading/writing into garbage memory locations.
11:20:59 Handling variable length inputs in C programming.
11:24:09 Introduction to reading and writing files in C
11:27:11 This week we will focus on data structures and abstract data types.
11:31:08 FIFO and LIFO are two different ways of adding and removing items from a queue or stack.
11:32:47 Storing emails and sweaters using a stack
11:36:29 The main limitation of this design is that it can only hold a finite number of items.
11:38:16 Jack learns to use a queue to manage his clothes
11:41:49 Moving a string to a new chunk of memory to add a number
11:43:27 Growing the array in this way can lead to inefficiency
11:47:07 Allocating memory dynamically for an array in C programming.
11:48:53 Using a pointer instead of an array for a list increases dynamism.
11:52:40 Copying bytes from old array to new array, allocating and freeing memory in C programming
11:54:31 Implementing inefficient allocation and population of a new array with a fourth value.
11:58:35 The function realloc simplifies the process of reallocating memory in C.
12:00:30 The use of realloc in C allows for dynamic memory allocation and copying without the need for explicit for loops.
12:04:32 Arrays and memory manipulation in computer science
12:06:20 Struct in C allows us to create our own structure in memory.
12:09:50 Creating a linked list with random memory positions
12:11:47 Use a sentinel value as a special signal for an invalid address
12:15:35 To enable backward traversal in a linked list, we can use a doubly linked list or make the list circular.
12:17:25 Using pointers in C to create self-referential structures
12:21:11 Using linked lists in place of arrays increases memory usage and eliminates the ability to index elements.
12:22:54 Binary search algorithm cannot be used when the data is not sequentially stored in memory.
12:26:10 Executing the provided code assigns a valid pointer to variable n.
12:27:53 Syntax for dereferencing a pointer and accessing a structure using arrow notation
12:31:22 Memory leak due to orphaned node
12:33:17 Implementing a stack using a linked list
12:36:52 Implementing a linked list of size zero and taking command line arguments
12:38:51 Converting command line arguments to integers using atoi.
12:42:28 Printing each number in a linked list
12:44:14 Iterating over a linked list using pointers and the null value
12:48:06 To avoid segmentation faults, use a temporary pointer for swapping and freeing memory.
12:49:54 Understanding the usage of while loops and for loops in iterating over nodes in a linked list.
12:53:23 Appending values at the end of a linked list increases the running time to O(n).
12:55:02 Maintaining a sorted list in a linked list
12:58:31 Binary search trees are structured like family trees and have special properties for binary search.
13:00:24 Using a two-dimensional approach for array layout and introducing nodes and pointers to connect them
13:03:56 Implementing binary search using a two-dimensional structure
13:05:45 Recursion is a beautiful technique for dealing with two-dimensional structures.
13:09:21 Not necessary to have pointers in both directions, but it can improve efficiency.
13:11:10 Implementing a binary search tree without balancing can result in an unbalanced tree with a height of N instead of log base 2 of N
13:14:39 Hashing is a final building block to achieve constant time lookup.
13:16:26 Sorting a deck of cards using bucketization and hashing.
13:20:16 Using linked lists improves the efficiency of contact lookup in a contact card representation
13:22:07 Hash tables offer efficient search time in constant time
13:25:49 Representation of nodes in the tree
13:27:35 Hash tables allow for constant time indexing and searching.
13:31:32 Tries are a data structure that combines aspects of arrays and hash tables.
13:33:21 Finding someone in a trie data structure takes a constant number of steps, regardless of the number of names in the data structure.
13:36:58 The try data structure is used to efficiently store and retrieve data.
13:39:00 Data structures are everywhere in the real world
13:44:03 Transition from Scratch to Python
13:45:46 Python eliminates the need for compiling code and allows program to be interpreted directly
13:49:05 Running python hello.py will print 'hello world' on the terminal.
13:50:50 In Python, the syntax for declaring variables and printing has changed compared to C.
13:54:22 Python supports format strings or F strings for automatic value substitution.
13:56:16 Python printing with curly braces
13:59:52 Implementing a spell checker in Python instead of C
14:01:38 Using a set in Python can be used as a dictionary for spellchecking words.
14:05:15 The C version of spell checker compiled faster than the Python version.
14:07:10 Using a more modern and user-friendly language like Python comes with a trade-off of potential performance loss.
14:10:46 Face recognition software can analyze and detect multiple faces, but can be trained to recognize specific faces.
14:12:44 Software can identify a human face by analyzing patterns of pixels.
14:16:21 Python has simplified the syntax for conditionals and introduced the 'elif' keyword
14:18:07 In Python, you can create a variable and set its initial value without specifying the type or using a semicolon.
14:21:33 Using the range function in Python is more efficient than hardcoding a list of numbers.
14:23:16 Infinite loops can be implemented using a 'while true' statement in C and a 'while True' statement in Python.
14:26:49 The default indentation in a Python file is left indented, and code is executed top to bottom, left to right
14:28:44 Python has a built-in function called 'int' to convert a string to an integer.
14:32:35 Python has solutions for floating point precision issues and integer overflow
14:34:31 Comparing values in C and Python
14:38:26 Explaining the usage of single quotes and double quotes in Python
14:40:17 In Python, you can use the 'in' keyword to search a list and it will return True if the value is found and False if not.
14:44:12 Python strings have built-in methods that can modify their values.
14:46:16 Strings in Python are immutable and cannot be changed directly
14:49:51 Implementing functions in Python using the 'def' keyword
14:51:34 Troubleshooting Python name errors
14:55:15 Code execution order in Python
14:57:04 Introducing Python's functionality to print a vertical column of bricks in the Mario game