Turbofan engines | Wikipedia audio article

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00:01:55 1 Principles
00:04:37 1.1 Bypass ratio
00:07:40 1.2 Efficiency
00:10:13 1.3 Thrust
00:11:46 1.4 Nozzles
00:12:42 1.5 Noise
00:15:50 2 Common types
00:16:00 2.1 Low-bypass turbofan
00:18:07 2.2 Afterburning turbofan
00:21:21 2.3 High-bypass turbofan
00:26:22 3 Turbofan configurations
00:28:42 3.1 Single-shaft turbofan
00:29:26 3.2 Aft-fan turbofan
00:30:25 3.3 Basic two-spool
00:31:23 3.4 Boosted two-spool
00:32:46 3.5 Three-spool
00:33:56 3.6 Geared fan
00:34:49 3.7 Military turbofans
00:35:13 3.8 High-pressure turbine
00:36:23 3.9 Low-pressure turbine
00:37:10 4 Overall performance
00:37:20 4.1 Cycle improvements
00:40:26 4.2 Thrust growth
00:42:12 4.3 Technical discussion
00:49:24 5 Early turbofans
00:52:56 6 Recent developments
00:53:06 6.1 Aerodynamic modelling
00:54:12 6.2 Blade technology
00:56:32 6.3 Fan blades
00:57:55 6.4 Future progress
01:05:22 7 Manufacturers
01:07:19 7.1 Gallery
01:07:28 7.2 Commercial turbofans in production
01:07:39 8 Extreme bypass jet engines
01:08:50 9 Terminology
01:13:34 10 See also



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SUMMARY
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The turbofan or fanjet is a type of airbreathing jet engine that is widely used in aircraft propulsion. The word "turbofan" is a portmanteau of "turbine" and "fan": the turbo portion refers to a gas turbine engine which achieves mechanical energy from combustion, and the fan, a ducted fan that uses the mechanical energy from the gas turbine to accelerate air rearwards. Thus, whereas all the air taken in by a turbojet passes through the turbine (through the combustion chamber), in a turbofan some of that air bypasses the turbine. A turbofan thus can be thought of as a turbojet being used to drive a ducted fan, with both of these contributing to the thrust.
The ratio of the mass-flow of air bypassing the engine core divided by the mass-flow of air passing through the core is referred to as the bypass ratio. The engine produces thrust through a combination of these two portions working together; engines that use more jet thrust relative to fan thrust are known as low-bypass turbofans, conversely those that have considerably more fan thrust than jet thrust are known as high-bypass. Most commercial aviation jet engines in use today are of the high-bypass type, and most modern military fighter engines are low-bypass. Afterburners are not used on high-bypass turbofan engines but may be used on either low-bypass turbofan or turbojet engines.
Modern turbofans have either a large single-stage fan or a smaller fan with several stages. An early configuration combined a low-pressure turbine and fan in a single rear-mounted unit.