Different Types Transformer Protection Systems

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Electrical transformer protection is a system of devices and techniques that are used to protect transformers from damage and ensure the safe and reliable operation of the electrical power system. The main goal of transformer protection is to detect and respond to abnormal conditions, such as short circuits, ground faults, and overheating, before they can cause damage to the transformer or other equipment.

There are several types of protection that can be used to protect transformers, including:

Overcurrent protection: This type of protection responds to high current levels by opening the circuit and interrupting the flow of electricity. It is used to protect the transformer from damage caused by short circuits and ground faults.

Differential protection: This type of protection compares the current flowing into a transformer with the current flowing out of the transformer. If there is a difference between the two, it is an indication of a fault and the circuit is opened to protect the transformer.

Temperature protection: This type of protection uses temperature sensors to monitor the temperature of the transformer. If the temperature exceeds a certain threshold, the circuit is opened to prevent overheating and damage to the transformer.

The temperature protection setting range for a transformer can vary depending on the type of transformer and the specific application. However, in general, the typical temperature protection setting range for a transformer is between 55 and 80 degrees Celsius (131-176°F).

The lower limit of the temperature range, 55 degrees Celsius, is typically set as the alarm point, where an alarm will sound or a signal will be sent to the control system to indicate that the transformer's temperature has reached a dangerous level, but it hasn't tripped yet.

The upper limit of the temperature range, 80 degrees Celsius, is typically set as the trip point, where the temperature protection system will trip the transformer and interrupt the flow of electricity to prevent damage caused by overheating.

It's important to note that the temperature protection setting range can vary depending on the transformer's design and the specific application. For example, the setting range for a transformer used in a sub-station will be different than a transformer used in a power plant.

Furthermore, the setting range can be adjusted based on the type of cooling system used, for example, the setting range for a transformer with natural air cooling will be different than a transformer with forced oil cooling system.

In general, the temperature protection setting range is determined by the manufacturer based on the transformer's design and the specific application, and it should be checked and confirmed during the commissioning process and regularly during the transformer's operation.

Earth Fault protection: This type of protection detects earth faults in the transformer winding and trips the circuit breaker to isolate the faulty transformer.

Voltage protection: This type of protection monitors the voltage level of the transformer, If the voltage exceeds a certain limit, the circuit breaker will trip to protect the transformer from damage.

Oil protection: This type of protection monitors the oil level and temperature of the transformer. If the oil level is low or the temperature is too high, the circuit breaker will trip to protect the transformer.

Distance protection: This type of protection uses a relay that compares the impedance of the faulted section to the impedance of the healthy sections, the relay will trip the breaker if the impedance is within the protection's zone of protection.

Restricted earth fault protection: This type of protection uses a specialized relay to detect earth faults in the transformer winding that the current is restricted, this allows to locate the faulted section more accurately and quickly.